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一 绪言: 锚杆对于地下峒体围岩的作用及其支护效果,是锚杆支护最重要的基本问题之一。这方面的研究相当多,特别是近年来,作为大断面隧道和地下发电站等的支护构件,采用了全长锚固型的锚杆,同时还进行了大规模的测量工作,锚杆支护理论的研究也相当活跃。 然而,讨论这些理论的前提无例外的都是在假定岩体处于毫无松动的理想状态和锚杆完美锚固状态。因而,为达到理论上的那种理想支护效果,则要求:(1)峒体开挖之后,围岩松弛之前,要快速地完成锚杆的安装工作;(2)胶结剂(例如水泥砂浆或聚树脂等)充填饱满;(3)锚杆安装之后应立即产生某种程度的锚固力等。
An Introduction: The effect of rock bolt on surrounding rock and its supporting effect is one of the most important basic problems of rock bolt support. In recent years, there are quite a lot of studies in this area. Especially in recent years, as a supporting component of large cross-section tunnels and underground power stations, a full-length anchor type anchor rod is used, and large-scale measurement work is also carried out. Theoretical research is also quite active. However, the preconditions for discussing these theories are, without exception, assuming that the rock mass is in an ideal state with no looseness and a perfectly anchored anchor. Therefore, in order to achieve the ideal kind of supporting effect in theory, it is required that: (1) After the body excavation, the rock should be completed quickly before the slackening works; (2) the cementing agent Or poly resin, etc.) full filling; (3) bolt installed immediately after some degree of anchorage force.