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肿瘤是由细胞异常增殖而形成的,可分为良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤二大类。虽然良性肿瘤细胞增殖较快,但多局限于原位而无周围浸润,临床上只出现局部压迫的症状,通过手术摘除肿瘤可达到完全痊愈。恶性肿瘤具有增殖迅速和转移两大特点。肿瘤转移为向其周围组织器官浸润生长或肿瘤细胞进入血液或淋巴系统,从而在其他部位形成肿瘤集落。恶性肿瘤患者存活与否主要取决于有无出现转移。如已发生转移,即使进行手术或放疗去除了原发肿瘤,但残余的继发性肿瘤可继续增殖使治疗失败,这种转移性肿瘤可造成患者死亡。
Tumors are formed by the abnormal proliferation of cells and can be divided into two categories: benign tumors and malignant tumors. Although benign tumor cells proliferate rapidly, they are mostly confined to the in situ without peripheral infiltration. The symptoms of local compression appear only in the clinic. Complete removal can be achieved by surgical removal of the tumor. Malignant tumors have the characteristics of rapid proliferation and metastasis. The tumor metastasizes to infiltrate its surrounding tissues and organs, or tumor cells enter the blood or lymphatic system, thereby forming colonies of tumors at other sites. The survival of patients with malignant tumors depends mainly on the presence of metastases. If metastasis has occurred, even if the primary tumor is removed by surgery or radiotherapy, the remaining secondary tumor can continue to proliferate for treatment failure. This metastatic tumor can cause the patient to die.