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为明确外源染色体或片段对小麦籽粒灌浆和产量性状的影响,以普通小麦宁春4号和黑麦草远缘杂交后代为材料,借助分子细胞学手段鉴定其BC1代染色体组成,并对其BC1F3代籽粒灌浆和产量性状进行了分析。结果表明,ND99株系出现两个顶端小片段易位类型的GISH杂交信号,为真杂种;ND99的BC1F3后代中分离出有芒(ND99A)和无芒(ND99B)两种类型,并且同一个分子标记3EST-185能够追踪这两种类型。宁春4号和易位系后代(ND99A、ND99B)籽粒的体积、鲜重、干重、水分均表现为先增后降的变化趋势;宁春4号和ND99A的灌浆速率呈双峰曲线变化,而ND99B呈多峰曲线变化。宁春4号的灌浆时间早,快速增长期长,籽粒饱满指数和粒重最大;ND99A灌浆迟,持续期短,籽粒饱满指数最低,粒重仅次于宁春4号;ND99B灌浆的峰值出现较早、较大,灌浆持续期短,籽粒饱满指数居中,粒重最低。易位系后代的穗长、穗粒数和结实小穗数明显高于宁春4号,可能是影响其灌浆的关键因素之一。
In order to clarify the effect of exogenous chromosomes or fragments on grain filling and yield traits in wheat, the BC1F3 gene was identified by means of molecular cytology using the progenies of common wheat Ningchun 4 and ryegrass. Grain filling and yield traits were analyzed. The results showed that there were two hybrid transcripts of GISH hybrids in the top fragment of ND99, which were true hybrids. Two ND99A and ND99B ND isolates were isolated from BC1F3 of ND99, and the same molecule Mark 3EST-185 can track both types. The volume, fresh weight, dry weight and water content of kernels of Ningchun 4 and ND 99A showed the trend of first increasing and then decreasing; the filling rate of Ningchun 4 and ND99A showed a bimodal curve , While ND99B showed multimodal curve changes. The grain filling index and grain weight of Ningchun 4 were early, the rapid growth period was longer, and the grain filling index and grain weight were the most. ND99A had the characteristics of late filling, short duration, lowest grain fullness index and the second highest grain weight after Ningchun No.4. Earlier, larger, short duration of filling, kernel fullness index, lowest grain weight. The spike length, number of spikelets and number of spikelets in the offspring of translocation lines were significantly higher than those in Ningchun 4, which may be one of the key factors affecting the grouting.