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栖霞早期是贵州铁、硫、铝矿的产出时期之一,含矿岩系及铁、硫、铝矿广泛分布于黔东、黔北地区,并已探明一些中、小型矿床提供开采利用。本文简述了含矿岩系及其矿产特征和岩相古地理基本格局;论证了成矿地质条件和矿床形成机制。栖霞早期岩相古地理格局和物源对这些矿产的形成与分布起着控制作用,均控制在黔北碎屑坪区,以潮坪及泥坪沼泽相为主,尤其以湘黔桂古陆西侧海湾地带、“黔中水下隆起”北侧及太白群岛周围等静水局限环境成矿最为有利。据矿物组合特征及成矿地质条件,铁、硫、铝矿可划分为:(I)含菱铁矿—铁绿泥石—铝土矿;(Ⅱ)含菱铁矿—铁绿泥石;(Ⅲ)含绿泥石—菱铁矿—铝土矿;(IV)黄铁矿;(V)合绿泥石—黄铁矿—赤、菱铁矿等五个矿相区。按沉积学和沉积演化历史,将菱铁矿、铁绿泥石、黄铁矿和鲕、豆状赤铁矿、铝土矿的成因,分别归属于成岩层状及同生层状类型,为进一步找矿指出了方向。
Qixia is one of the productive periods of Guizhou iron, sulfur and aluminum mines in the early stage. The ore-bearing rock series and the iron, sulfur and aluminum are widely distributed in the areas of eastern Guizhou and northern Guizhou, and some medium and small deposits have been proved to be exploited . This paper briefly describes the ore-bearing rock series and their mineral characteristics and lithofacies palaeogeography basic pattern; demonstrates the metallogenic geological conditions and deposit formation mechanism. Qixia lithofacies paleogeographic pattern and provenance played a controlling role in the formation and distribution of these minerals, both controlled in the detritus area of Qianbei, dominated by tidal flat and mudflat phases, especially in Xiang, Qian and Gui The western Gulf belt, “Qian Zhong underwater uplift” and the north side of the Taibai archipelagic hydrostatic confined environmental mineralization most favorable. According to the characteristics of mineral assemblages and the metallogenic geological conditions, the iron, sulfur and aluminum mines can be divided into: (I) siderite-ferrochne-bauxite; (Ⅱ) siderite-ferrochine; (Ⅲ) chlorite-siderite-bauxite; (IV) pyrite; (V) chlorite-pyrite-red and siderite. According to sedimentology and sedimentary evolution history, the genesis of siderite, ferrochrome, pyrite, oolong, hematite and bauxite belong to the diagenetic stratiform and symbiotic strata respectively Further prospecting pointed out the direction.