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早期研究认为,人们追求公平的动机在于自利或者对人际关系的需求,进而提出了工具模型和人际关系模型。然而最新研究指出人们珍视公平源于道德义务,而追求公平的目的就是公平自身,这种动机被称为道义公平。道义公平的提出丰富了半个世纪以来人们对公平动机的认知,为解释人们追求公平的行为提供了更加合理的视角,对公平理论的发展与完善具有重要意义。本文回顾了道义公平的理论发展、构成维度与测量方法、影响因素与影响效应,结合道义公平的研究趋势与当前研究存在的局限性展望了该领域未来的研究方向。
Earlier studies suggested that the motivation of people to pursue fairness lies in the demand for self-interest or interpersonal relationships, and then put forward the tool model and the interpersonal relationship model. However, the latest research indicates that people value fairness from moral obligation, and the pursuit of fairness is fairness. Such motivation is called moral fairness. The proposal of moral fairness has enriched the cognition of fair motivation for half a century and provided a more reasonable perspective for explaining people’s pursuit of fairness. It is of great significance to the development and improvement of fairness theory. This paper reviews the theoretical development of moral justice, the dimensions and measurement methods, the influencing factors and the impact effects, and combines the research trends of moral fairness and the limitations of current research, and looks forward to the future research directions in this field.