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近二十年来,随着世界大陆架和大陆坡石油、天然气矿产资源勘探开发的加速,多种海洋调查仪器在海上的使用(高分辨力地震勘探、旁测声纳、测深、浅钻和实验室土工试验资料)已开始揭示了海底潜在的各种类型的不稳定性地质现象.如何正确识别这些不稳定性地质现象的存在和试图预测它们的危害是直接关系到油气钻探、输油管线铺设和其它各种海洋建筑物设置的成败以及作业人员生命安全的关键问题之一.美国、英国、挪威等国家为满足浅海油气开发的需要,都不同程度地开展了这种调查和研究,尤其是美国在墨西哥湾的密西西比河三角洲地区进行了较高程度的研究.自1977年以来,我部和石油部也着手探索北部湾、珠江口和长江口外的陆架地区的工程地质问题,尤其是珠江口外地区,为自升式钻井平台预选锚地和井位提供了海底工程地质资料,并发现了某些海底不稳定性的地质现象.开发海底油气资源、改造和利用海底环境,只有依靠研究海底各种地质因素,摸清它们的规律,并巧妙地利用这些规律才能实现.本文试述有关影响海底不稳定性的因素,其表现形式、触发机制以及调查方法等,不足之处望惠指正.
In the recent two decades, with the accelerated exploration and development of petroleum and natural gas mineral resources on the continental shelf and on the continental slope, the use of various marine survey instruments at sea (high resolution seismic exploration, subsurface sonar, sounding, shallow drilling and experiment Room geotechnical test data) have begun to reveal potential types of unstable geological phenomena on the seabed.How to correctly identify the existence of these unstable geological phenomena and to try to predict their harm is directly related to the oil and gas drilling, pipeline laying and The success of other kinds of marine buildings and the key issues of the life safety of operators.According to the needs of the shallow sea oil and gas development in the United States, Great Britain and Norway, such investigations and studies have been carried out to varying degrees, especially in the United States In the Mississippi Delta in the Gulf of Mexico, a high degree of research has been carried out since 1977. The Ministry of MOC and the Ministry of Petroleum have also started to explore the engineering geology issues of the Beibu Bay, the Pearl River Mouth and the Shelf areas beyond the mouth of the Yangtze River, especially in the Pearl River Mouth Area , Providing submarine engineering geological data for preselected anchorage and well location of jack-up rigs and found that some The seabed instability of the geological phenomenon.Development of the seabed oil and gas resources, transformation and utilization of the seafloor environment, relying on the study of various geological factors of the seafloor, find out their laws, and clever use of these laws can be achieved.This paper describes the impact on the seafloor Factors of stability, its manifestations, triggering mechanism and investigation methods, etc., inadequate benefits.