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目的掌握贵阳市中小学生儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的现患情况及可能的相关因素,为探寻预防和治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍以及促进儿童健康成长提供科学依据。方法整群抽取贵阳市中小学生3 016名为调查对象,用Conners量表(家长问卷)及自编相关因素调查表进行调查。结果中小学生ADHD初筛阳性率为2.19%,男、女生分别为3.19%和1.49%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄组学生ADHD初筛阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。影响ADHD的可能相关因素为父母能否理解孩子的想法、父母婚姻关系、儿童性格等。结论应关注儿童青少年尤其是ADHD儿童的家庭环境、父母养育方式以及儿童社会心理良好适应状况。
Objective To investigate the prevalence and possible related factors of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in primary and secondary school in Guiyang, and to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and treatment of ADHD children and the healthy growth of children. Methods A total of 3 016 primary and secondary school students in Guiyang were selected as the research object. The questionnaires of Conners Scale (Parent Questionnaire) and self-made questionnaires were investigated. Results The primary positive rate of ADHD among primary and secondary school students was 2.19%, with 3.19% and 1.49% for boys and girls respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The positive rates of ADHD in different age groups were statistically different (P <0.05). The possible relevant factors affecting ADHD are whether parents can understand their children’s thoughts, parents and marital relations, children’s personality and so on. Conclusions Should pay attention to the family environment of children and adolescents especially ADHD, parental rearing patterns and children’s social psychology and well-being.