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阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease, AD)是老年期最常见的慢性病之一，同时也是造成老年人丧失日常生活能力的最常见疾病。因此，AD的发病机制一直是研究热点。脑微出血(cerebral microbleeds, CMBs)是脑小血管病影像学表型之一。越来越多的研究表明，CMBs在AD发病过程中起着重要作用。文章就CMBs在AD患者中的流行病学、CMBs的数量和部位与AD、CMBs与AD脑脊液生物标志物及载脂蛋白E ε4等位基因的关系进行了综述。“,”Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common chronic diseases in old age, and it is also the most common disease that causes the elderly to lose the ability of daily living. Therefore, the pathogenesis of AD has always been a research hotspot. Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are one of the imaging phenotypes of cerebral small vessel disease. More and more studies have shown that CMBs play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. This article reviews the epidemiology of CMBs in AD patients, the relationship between the number and location of CMBs and AD, and the relationship between CMBs and AD cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and apolipoprotein E ε4 alleles.