粘土矿物具有比表面积大、孔隙多以及极性强等特征，因而有较强的吸附性、离子交换性和膨胀性，对水体中各种类型的污染物质有良好的吸附性能，并使土壤有一定的自净作用。粘土矿物的膨胀性及低导水率使它能作为有效的密封物质，在放射性废料的埋置过程中产生理想的封闭作用。另外由于粘土矿物成本低、再生容易，所以在环境污染的防治中有广阔的应用前景 Clay minerals with large specific surface area, porosity and polarity and other characteristics, and therefore have strong adsorption, ion exchange and expansibility of various types of pollutants in the water have good adsorption properties, and the soil has Certain self-purification effect. The expansibility and low water conductivity of clay minerals make it an effective sealing material, resulting in an ideal seal in the radioactive waste burial process. In addition, due to the low cost of clay minerals, regeneration is easy, so the prevention and control of environmental pollution has broad application prospects