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以柏拉图为代表的传统西方哲学认为,世界存在本质,个体生命的意义和价值建立在对本质的发现之上。当代美国哲学家理查德·罗蒂则认为,企图通过发现本质而成就人生是一种虚妄。借助反讽概念,罗蒂批判了传统哲学的本质主义观点,认为所谓本质的世界,其实充满着偶然,创造而不是发现才是我们私人完美的关键。罗蒂同时也提醒我们,在追求私人完美的过程中,要注意个体对共同体的义务,加强公共团结。通过反讽概念的揭示及对团结的强调,罗蒂把西方文化中自由主义的传统与爱国主义的传统巧妙地结合了起来。
The traditional Western philosophy, represented by Plato, holds that the essence of the existence of the world and the meaning and value of individual life are based on the discovery of the essence. Contemporary American philosopher Richard Rorty argues that trying to make a living by discovering nature is a fiction. With the concept of irony, Rorty criticized the essentialist view of traditional philosophy, claiming that the so-called essential world is actually full of chance, creation, not discovery, which is the key to our personal perfection. At the same time, Rorty also reminds us that in the process of pursuing personal perfection, we should pay attention to the individual obligations to the community and strengthen public solidarity. Through the revelation of the concept of irony and the emphasis on solidarity, Rorty cleverly combines the tradition of liberalism in Western culture with the tradition of patriotism.