论文部分内容阅读
本文研究了松科五个树种(Abies alba;Pinus strobus,Picea abies,Pinus sylvestris,Pseudotsu-ga menziesii)的五个酶系统的等位酶的发生、大小和其它一些特性。通过比较单倍体胚乳(大配子体)和二倍体胚的谱带数确定了编码酶的位点数。其中位点数多的是天冬氨酸转氨酶和苹果酸酶各有4个位点、酸性磷酸酶有2个位点、醇脱氢酶有3个位点、亮氨酸氨基肤酶有3个位点。大多数位点所编码的具有相同底物特异性的酶都有相似的大小。但有些位点(AAT、ADH、ME)编码的酶则有不同的分子量,某一特定位点所编码的等位酶其大小几乎相等,但在白松中、AAT-B 和 AAT-C 位点所编码的等位酶其大小差别达到23%和40%。5种同工酶的15个位点,其中有八个位点在每个树种中都出现,被认为代表原始基因。其它七位点最少在一个树种中但不在全部树种中表现出相同的特征,这七个位点被认为是八个原始基因进化的产物。用聚类方法分析七个位点的相对频率和其它一些特征,再用树形图构建所研究的酶位点之间的进化关系。
In this paper, the occurrence, size and other characteristics of allozyme in five enzyme systems of five species of Pinaceae (Abies alba; Pinus strobus, Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsu-ga menziesii) were studied. The number of enzyme encoding sites was determined by comparing the number of haploid endosperm (megagametosomes) and diploid embryos. Among them, there are four loci for aspartate aminotransferase and malic enzyme, two loci for acid phosphatase, three loci for alcohol dehydrogenase and three for leucine aminopeptidase Site. Enzymes encoded by most sites with the same substrate specificity have similar sizes. However, the enzymes encoded by some sites (AAT, ADH, ME) have different molecular weights, and allozymes encoded by a specific site are almost equal in size. However, in the white pine, the AAT-B and AAT-C sites The size of the allelic enzymes encoded varied by 23% and 40%, respectively. Fifteen isoenzymes of 15 loci, of which eight loci occur in each species, are considered to represent the original gene. The other seven sites showed the same traits in at least one species but not in all species, and the seven sites were considered to be the product of eight primitive gene evolutions. The clustering method was used to analyze the relative frequencies of seven loci and other features, and then the phylogenetic tree was used to construct the evolutionary relationships between the studied enzyme loci.