人与自然历来是哲学审视和探究的两大对象,两大主题。在15—18世纪的欧洲文艺复兴和启蒙运动的浪涛中,作为对中世纪宗教神学和经院哲学的批判,兴起了科学主义和人文主义的思潮。这是哲学史上的伟大飞跃。可是这两种思潮在其发展的途程中产生了愈来愈深的裂痕,乃至形成了尖锐的对立。 Man and nature have always been the two major objects of philosophy examination and exploration, two major themes. In the waves of the European Renaissance and Enlightenment in the 15th and 18th centuries, as the critique of religious theology and scholasticism in the Middle Ages, there emerged the trend of scientism and humanism. This is a great leap forward in the history of philosophy. However, these two kinds of thoughts had a deeper and deeper rift in the course of their development and even formed a sharp opposition.