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在过去的几年中,雪崩二极管、体效应二极管、变容二极管、混频二极管之类的固态器件,取得了很明显的改善。这就大大地提高了毫米波接收机的能力和低噪声性能。使用这些经过改进的固态器件,现在已有可能构成全固态的低噪声接收机。与微波频段相似,毫米波低噪声参放、宽带低变频损耗混频器和固态本振等,现在亦可提供使用。而且,现在亦正在开展致冷参放和致冷混频器的研究工作,这将会使系统获得很高的灵敏度。由于这些固态毫米波器件有很大的灵活性,所以现在有可能根据具体的应用,例如先进的通信系统,复杂的电子对抗,雷达系统和辐射计系统等去设计最佳的系统结构,或者是根据对接收机系统所提出的日益增多的各种要求去设计最佳的系统结构。本文探讨毫米波领域正在研究的一些趋势以及在系统设计中的应用。文章提出各种接收机系统及其灵敏度要求的性能准则,介绍了系统工作噪声温度的概念,确定方法及其在低噪声器件中的应用。文章亦评述了毫米波低噪声接收机目前的水平和所取得的实验数据。
Over the past few years, avalanche diodes, body effect diodes, varactors, mixing diodes and other solid-state devices, made significant improvements. This greatly increases the millimeter-wave receiver’s ability and low noise performance. With these improved solid state devices, it is now possible to make an all-solid state low noise receiver. Similar to the microwave band, millimeter-wave low-noise parameters, broadband low-loss mixer and solid-state local oscillator, etc., are also available now. In addition, research on refrigeration graters and refrigeration mixers is underway, which will result in high system sensitivity. Due to the great flexibility of these solid-state millimeter-wave devices, it is now possible to design the optimal system architecture for specific applications such as advanced communications systems, sophisticated electronic warfare, radar systems and radiometer systems, or The best system architecture is designed based on the ever-increasing variety of demands placed on receiver systems. This article explores some of the trends being studied in the millimeter-wave area and their applications in system design. This paper presents performance criteria for various receiver systems and their sensitivity requirements, introduces the concept of system operating noise temperature, the determination method and its application in low noise devices. The article also reviews the current level of millimeter-wave low-noise receivers and the experimental data obtained.