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水稻是自花授粉作物,长期以来曾被认为没有杂种优势,但中国和其他国家的科学研究证明水稻是具有杂种优势的。1976年,中国在世界上首先成功将杂交水稻应用于生产,引起世界各国对改进水稻生产技术和高产的关注。经过30多年的改进、发展,杂交水稻生产技术已非常成熟。中国之外的一些国家、国际研究机构、私人公司都已培育出多种多样的杂交水稻亲本和可用于生产的杂交组合。从已获得成功的国家看,杂交水稻的生产都离不开当地政府的扶持以及国际水稻研究所(IRRI)在技术和材料上、联合国粮农组织(FAO)在政策和资金上的支持和中国在技术上给予的无私帮助。私人公司的加入是某些国家杂交水稻生产获得成功的重要原因。由于考虑到人多地少和粮食安全问题,大部分国家都希望发展杂交水稻,但是如果没有较强的研究设施和较好的种子生产体系并能够实施,杂交水稻要进行大规模生产不是一件容易的事。在热带国家,如何提高水稻制种产量是关键,让农民按照要求种植杂交水稻从而获得高产,也是技术推广上的重点。杂交水稻生产技术仍具有很强的生命力,但需继续挖掘其最大的潜力以获得更高的产量从而适应人多地少的需要。今后,对水稻需求的增加将会超过亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲等许多国家的水稻产量,世界水稻生产需要提高,但是土地、水和劳动力不断减少。改革和探索杂交稻生产技术,提高杂交稻研究的力量,在全球范围内交流信息、技术和材料,是今后持续发展杂交稻生产体系的主要动力。
Rice is a self-pollinating crop that has long been considered as having no heterosis but scientific research in China and other countries has shown that rice is heterotic. In 1976, China first successfully applied hybrid rice to its production in the world, arousing the concern of all countries in the world to improve rice production technology and high yield. After 30 years of improvement, development and hybrid rice production technology has been very mature. Some countries outside China, international research institutes and private companies have developed a wide variety of hybrid rice parents and hybrid combinations that can be used for production. From the countries that have been successful, the production of hybrid rice can not be separated from the support of the local government and the technical and material support of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) on the policy and financial support of the FAO. Technical selfless help given. The addition of private companies is an important reason for the success of hybrid rice production in some countries. Most countries hope to develop hybrid rice due to less population and less food security. However, large-scale hybrid rice production is not the case without strong research facilities and better seed production system and can be implemented Easy thing In tropical countries, how to increase rice seed production is the key to enable farmers to grow hybrid rice as required to achieve high yield, which is also the focus of technology promotion. Hybrid rice production technology still has strong vitality, but need to continue to tap its maximum potential to obtain higher yields to meet the needs of more people and less land. In the future, the demand for rice will increase more than in many other countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The world’s rice production needs to increase but land, water and labor are declining. To reform and explore the technology of hybrid rice production, to enhance the research on hybrid rice, and to exchange information, technologies and materials on a global scale, is the main driving force for the sustainable development of the hybrid rice production system in the future.