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综合运用传统水文学、氢氧稳定同位素和原位模拟降雨等方法,研究了桂西北白云岩坡地典型土体构型石灰土微区(2 m×1.2 m)土壤水文功能.白云岩峰丛坡地沿坡向下表现出通体砂、上壤下砂、通体壤、上黏下砂4种典型石灰土土链格局,所有构型土体微区地表稳定入渗速率高达41~48 mm·h~(-1),地表径流少,且表现为蓄满产流,壤中流和深层渗漏是重要水文过程;壤中流依据土壤发生层层次分为A、C层壤中流,对于A层壤中流,通体砂、上黏下砂以及上壤下砂构型土体微区以基质流为主,通体壤构型土体表现为优先流;对于C层壤中流,所有构型土体微区均表现为优先流特征.白云岩坡地土壤连续分布,虽土层浅薄但仍表现出沿坡向下的土链格局,不同土体构型土壤水文性质的差异主要体现在地表以下各界面产流过程,研究证实该区土壤水文功能的研究应具备三维立体视角,发展更加侧重地下水文过程观测和研究的新方法,才能全面揭示喀斯特坡地近地表水文过程.
This paper studied the soil hydrological function of typical soil limestone soil micro-region (2 m × 1.2 m) on the dolomite slope in the northwestern Guangxi by comprehensively using the methods of traditional hydrology, stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen, and simulated rainfall in situ. Four typical limestone soils along the slope show the pattern of earth loam, under-silt sand, through-soil silt and under-silt sand, and the infiltration rate of the ground surface in all configuration soil microdistricts reaches 41-48 mm · h ~ (-1). The surface runoff is small, and the runoff is full. The mid-flow and deep seepage are important hydrological processes. The mid-flow is divided into middle layer A and lower layer C according to the layer of soil layer, The main body flow of the whole body sand, the upper subsidence sand and the lower subsidence sand body mainly dominated by the matrix flow, while the soil with the whole body structure showed preferential flow. For all the soil layers in the C layer, The characteristics of preferential flow are as follows: The continuous distribution of soil in dolomite slope land, although the soil layer is shallow, still shows the pattern of soil along the slope downward, the differences of soil hydrological properties of different soil configurations are mainly reflected in the runoff process, Research confirmed that the study of soil hydrological function should have three-dimensional perspective and development Wen process of observation and study new methods of groundwater add focus, in order to fully reveal the karst slopes near-surface hydrological processes.