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20世纪中期,中国的城镇知识青年上山下乡是共和国历史上的一件大事,它在一代人的心中留下了深深的烙印。它从一项解决城镇就业困难的措施演变成一场声势浩大的政治运动,前后历时长达27年之久,堪称共和国史上最旷日持久的一场由政府组织的社会活动。早在20世纪60年代初,作为党的第一代领导集体重要成员的邓小平,就对知识青年上山下乡工作给予了很大关注,在中央最早提出“以插队为主要方向”的安置办法,为安置下乡知青提供了广阔的渠道。第三次复出后,邓小平打破“两个凡是”的思想禁锢,从广开门路就业到调整上山下乡政策,再到解决下乡知青的回城和就业困难,直至彻底结束这场运动,都倾注了大量的心血。
In the mid-20th century, going up to the countryside by Chinese urban young men of knowledge was a major event in the history of the Republic and left a deep imprint on the hearts of generations. It evolved from a measure to solve the employment difficulties in urban areas into a massive political movement that lasted for 27 years and lasted for a long time in the history of the Republic as a government organized social activity. As early as the early 1960s, Deng Xiaoping, an important member of the party’s first-generation leadership collective, gave great attention to the work of educating young people to go to work in the mountains and countryside. The earliest proposed resettlement solution was “ Provide a broad channel for resettlement of educated youth in rural areas. After the third comeback, Deng Xiaoping broke the ideological imprisonment of ”two generals," from opening a door to getting employed to adjusting the policy of going to the mountains and going to the countryside, and then to solving the problem of returning to cities and employment of educated youth in the countryside and ending the campaign completely Pour a lot of effort.