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长江口地区是我国经济与文化中心,潮汐与径流是影响该地区近岸水位的主要因子。结合分布于崇明岛南部三个近岸测点S1、S2、S4的水位与邻近的堡镇(S3)潮汐、大通水文站径流、宝山气象站平均风速与气温数据,运用互相关分析、相关分析、功率谱周期估计等方法,以定性与定量相结合的方式探究了潮汐、径流等因子对崇明岛南部近岸水位的影响。结果显示,近岸水位滞后于潮汐约2h;近岸水位与潮汐相关性明显,且经计算潮汐贡献率达90%以上。近岸水位去除潮汐后的水位余量形成于径流、气温与风的综合作用,径流与气温组合作用对S4水位余量影响占优,而风对S1水位余量影响占优。通过研究径流与潮汐等对崇明岛南部近岸水位影响机制,为合理选取感潮河段防洪设计水位提供参考,对长江口防洪减灾及咸潮入侵、海水倒灌对策研究等都具有重要意义。
The Yangtze Estuary is the economic and cultural center of our country. Tides and runoff are the main factors affecting the coastal water level in this area. Combining the water level of three coastal sites S1, S2 and S4 in southern Chongming Island with the tidal wave of the adjacent town (S3), the hydrological station runoff at Datong and the average wind speed and temperature data at Baoshan Meteorological Station, correlation analysis and correlation analysis , Power spectrum period estimation and other methods to explore the impact of tide, runoff and other factors on the coastal water level in the southern part of Chongming Island by qualitative and quantitative methods. The results show that the nearshore lag behind the tide about 2h; nearshore water level and tidal correlation was significant, and the contribution rate of tides calculated more than 90%. The water level margin after nearshore water level removal is formed by the combination of runoff, air temperature and wind. The combined effect of runoff and air temperature has a dominant effect on the S4 water level margin, while the wind has a dominant influence on the S1 water level margin. By studying the influence mechanism of runoff and tide on the coastal water level in the southern part of Chongming Island, it is of great significance to select reasonable flood control design water level in the tidal reach and to study flood control and flood damage reduction, saltwater intrusion and seawater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary.