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研读近几年的高考单项选择题不难发现这一题型不但越来越情景化，而且又灵活多变，句子结构渐趋复杂化，因此，许多考生在备考过程中感到无从下手。其实万变不离其宗，考生只要基础扎实，熟练地掌握了必背的短语和句式，就能以不变应万变。我认为 “还原法”是解决此类题的金钥匙。下面就让我们睁开慧眼一起来识别单选题的变形术吧。
一、固定短语的变形
1. There is no one in the street__________I could turn for help.
A. whomB. for whom
C. from whomD. to whom
2. —Next week we are going to have an English writing competition.
—Yes? Then every minute must be made full use__________English.
A. of studyingB. to study
C. of being studiedD. of to study
3. Much attention should be paid__________the polluted water.
A. to cleanB. cleaning
C. to cleaningD. clean
解析：第一题是短语 turn to sb. for help 的变形，因此答案为D。第二题是短语make use of time to do sth.的变形，故答案为D。第三题是短语 pay attention to doing sth.的变形，故答案为C。
二、还原题干中删掉的成分
说明：这种情况多出现在情景交际题中，而且多出现在前者提问后者回答的情况。
1. —Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
—__________?
A. What forB. What is it
C. How is itD. How about
2. —What made Mary so worried?
—__________.
A. Lost her purse
B. To lose her purse
C. The loss of her purse
D. Because she lost her purse
3. —Why does your mother ask you to eat two eggs every morning?
—__________.
A. Gaining enough nutrition
B. To gain enough nutrition
C. Gain enough nutrition
D. Having gained enough nutrition
解析：根据第一题语境Susan应反问“我把抽屉倒空做什么用呢？”可将句子还原为 I go and empty that drawer for__________ . 因此答案为A。
第二题只需回答主语部分。根据语境将句子补充完整应是“丢了钱包让玛丽很着急。” The loss of her purse made Mary so worried，即动名词短语做主语，故答案为C。
第三题提问的原因状语,但根据语境回答应是目的状语，即 “母亲让我每天吃两个鸡蛋目的是为了让我能获得足够的营养”。Mother asks me to eat two eggs every morning to gain enough nutrition. 因此答案为 B。
三、删除题干中多余成分
在复杂的句子结构中往往包含有干扰性很强的定语、状语、补语或插入语等成分。如果考生能化繁为简，找出句子的主干，就能降低试题的难度。
1. The store is reported in today’s newspaper__________ with police on spot yesterday.
A. to be robbed
B. robbed
C. to have been robbed
D. having been robbed
2. Teachers often tell us to spend as much time as we__________English.
A. can do to speakB. can speaking
C. studyD. can to speak
3. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,__________of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. whichC. thisD. what
解析：例一中删掉状语 in today’s newspaper就还原成高一学生就已掌握的句式 sb. /sth. is reported / said / announced to do / to have done，因此答案为C。句意为“昨天警察在场这家商店却被抢了”。
例二中删掉状语从句as we can 就可还原句子谓语为spend time in doing sth.，因此答案为B。
例三中增加了插入语 of course，如去掉它就很容易看出逗号后面部分是which引导的一个非限定性定语从句，而且先行词是前面整个一句话的，因此答案为 B。
四、打破思维定式，注意成分变化
1. Who is it up__________decide whether to go or not?
A. to toB. toC. for to D. to for
2. The chance he looked forward to__________at last.
A. comeB. came
C. comingD. being come
3. In the mid-term examination, our teacher set so difficult a problem__________neither of us worked out.
A. thatB. asC. so that D. which
解析：例一中可能考生最先排除的就是A选项了，但细心分析句子结构就会发现它是It is up to sb. to do sth. 的疑问句式，故答案是A。
例二中因为在一般情况下学生因牢记了look forward to doing 的结构，很容易误选C项。分析句子成分就知道此处缺少谓语动词，而he looked forward to 是the chance 的定语，它和所填选项没有直接关系，故答案为B。
例三中学生也极易误认为是so that句式。仔细分析后面的句子成分会便能发现在work out 中间缺少宾语it，因此这是as 引导的定语从句，所以答案为B。
【巩固练习】
1. He has spent I think a lot more time__________ than she has.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. for read
2. Whom would you rather__________to the hospital?
A. have sendingB. have sent
C. having sendD. having sent
3. The famous film star made up his mind to devote all he had to__________some schools for poor children.
A. set upB. setting up
C. have set upD. having set up
4. She looks forward every spring to__________ the flower-lined garden.
A. visitB. paying a visit
C. walk inD. walking in
5. This is the main use that the scientists make__________of natural resources.
A. itB. whichC. useD. /
6. Would you please tell me the way you thought of__________this problem?
A. to solveB. solving
C. being solvedD. solve
7. We should do what we can__________the disabled.
A. helpB. helping
C. to helpD. do help
8. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see__________the next year.
A. carried outB. carrying out
C. carry outD. to carry out
Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A☆
一、固定短语的变形
1. There is no one in the street__________I could turn for help.
A. whomB. for whom
C. from whomD. to whom
2. —Next week we are going to have an English writing competition.
—Yes? Then every minute must be made full use__________English.
A. of studyingB. to study
C. of being studiedD. of to study
3. Much attention should be paid__________the polluted water.
A. to cleanB. cleaning
C. to cleaningD. clean
解析：第一题是短语 turn to sb. for help 的变形，因此答案为D。第二题是短语make use of time to do sth.的变形，故答案为D。第三题是短语 pay attention to doing sth.的变形，故答案为C。
二、还原题干中删掉的成分
说明：这种情况多出现在情景交际题中，而且多出现在前者提问后者回答的情况。
1. —Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?
—__________?
A. What forB. What is it
C. How is itD. How about
2. —What made Mary so worried?
—__________.
A. Lost her purse
B. To lose her purse
C. The loss of her purse
D. Because she lost her purse
3. —Why does your mother ask you to eat two eggs every morning?
—__________.
A. Gaining enough nutrition
B. To gain enough nutrition
C. Gain enough nutrition
D. Having gained enough nutrition
解析：根据第一题语境Susan应反问“我把抽屉倒空做什么用呢？”可将句子还原为 I go and empty that drawer for__________ . 因此答案为A。
第二题只需回答主语部分。根据语境将句子补充完整应是“丢了钱包让玛丽很着急。” The loss of her purse made Mary so worried，即动名词短语做主语，故答案为C。
第三题提问的原因状语,但根据语境回答应是目的状语，即 “母亲让我每天吃两个鸡蛋目的是为了让我能获得足够的营养”。Mother asks me to eat two eggs every morning to gain enough nutrition. 因此答案为 B。
三、删除题干中多余成分
在复杂的句子结构中往往包含有干扰性很强的定语、状语、补语或插入语等成分。如果考生能化繁为简，找出句子的主干，就能降低试题的难度。
1. The store is reported in today’s newspaper__________ with police on spot yesterday.
A. to be robbed
B. robbed
C. to have been robbed
D. having been robbed
2. Teachers often tell us to spend as much time as we__________English.
A. can do to speakB. can speaking
C. studyD. can to speak
3. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,__________of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. whichC. thisD. what
解析：例一中删掉状语 in today’s newspaper就还原成高一学生就已掌握的句式 sb. /sth. is reported / said / announced to do / to have done，因此答案为C。句意为“昨天警察在场这家商店却被抢了”。
例二中删掉状语从句as we can 就可还原句子谓语为spend time in doing sth.，因此答案为B。
例三中增加了插入语 of course，如去掉它就很容易看出逗号后面部分是which引导的一个非限定性定语从句，而且先行词是前面整个一句话的，因此答案为 B。
四、打破思维定式，注意成分变化
1. Who is it up__________decide whether to go or not?
A. to toB. toC. for to D. to for
2. The chance he looked forward to__________at last.
A. comeB. came
C. comingD. being come
3. In the mid-term examination, our teacher set so difficult a problem__________neither of us worked out.
A. thatB. asC. so that D. which
解析：例一中可能考生最先排除的就是A选项了，但细心分析句子结构就会发现它是It is up to sb. to do sth. 的疑问句式，故答案是A。
例二中因为在一般情况下学生因牢记了look forward to doing 的结构，很容易误选C项。分析句子成分就知道此处缺少谓语动词，而he looked forward to 是the chance 的定语，它和所填选项没有直接关系，故答案为B。
例三中学生也极易误认为是so that句式。仔细分析后面的句子成分会便能发现在work out 中间缺少宾语it，因此这是as 引导的定语从句，所以答案为B。
【巩固练习】
1. He has spent I think a lot more time__________ than she has.
A. read B. to read C. reading D. for read
2. Whom would you rather__________to the hospital?
A. have sendingB. have sent
C. having sendD. having sent
3. The famous film star made up his mind to devote all he had to__________some schools for poor children.
A. set upB. setting up
C. have set upD. having set up
4. She looks forward every spring to__________ the flower-lined garden.
A. visitB. paying a visit
C. walk inD. walking in
5. This is the main use that the scientists make__________of natural resources.
A. itB. whichC. useD. /
6. Would you please tell me the way you thought of__________this problem?
A. to solveB. solving
C. being solvedD. solve
7. We should do what we can__________the disabled.
A. helpB. helping
C. to helpD. do help
8. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see__________the next year.
A. carried outB. carrying out
C. carry outD. to carry out
Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A☆