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分析了在华北平原的河北潮土和山西褐土上连续13年施用钾肥和秸秆还田下的大田作物产量和耕层土壤钾素状况。结果表明,在施用氮磷肥基础上长期施钾和秸秆还田能增加小麦和玉米产量,各施钾处理产量与氮磷处理差异显著。两定位点钾肥和秸秆还田的效应不尽相同;小麦年际间各处理产量变异(CV≤13%)小于玉米(CV>14%),河北潮土上的玉米增产效果高于小麦。与山西单作制度相比,河北轮作制度下土壤钾素支出大。秸秆还田和施用钾肥较只施氮磷肥可不同程度提高河北潮土和山西褐土0—20和20—40 cm两土层水溶性钾(河北0—20cm平均提高5.8 mg/kg,山西16.9 mg/kg,下同)、非特殊吸附钾(21.2 mg/kg,35.9 mg/kg)、非交换性钾(75.1 mg/kg,57.5 mg/kg)、矿物钾(0.03%,0.01%)及全钾含量;降低矿物钾比例的同时提高其余几种形态钾的比例。随土层加深,除矿物钾外,其余形态钾含量和比例均下降,特殊吸附钾不受施钾措施和土层深度的影响。直接施用钾肥效果优于秸秆还田,且两种措施对上层土壤各形态钾的影响效果大于下层土。
The field crop yield and topsoil potassium status in Hebei Chao soil and Shanxi cinnamon soil of North China Plain for 13 consecutive years were analyzed under potash and straw application. The results showed that the long-term application of K and straw to wheat increased the yield of wheat and maize on the basis of application of N and P fertilizers. The yield of different K treatments was significantly different from that of N and P treatments. The effect of applying K fertilizer and returning straw to field was different at two loci. The variation of yield (CV≤13%) was less than that of corn (CV> 14%) during the whole year. The yield of maize in Hebei tide was higher than that of wheat. Compared with the single cropping system in Shanxi Province, Hebei Province has a large amount of soil potassium expenditure under rotation system. Compared with N and P alone, straw returning and applying K fertilizer increased water-soluble potassium in Hebei tide soil and Shanxi cinnamon soil at 0-20 and 20-40 cm soil layers (average increase of 0-20 cm in Hebei was 5.8 mg / kg and Shanxi 16.9 (21.2 mg / kg, 35.9 mg / kg), non-exchangeable potassium (75.1 mg / kg, 57.5 mg / kg) and mineral potassium (0.03%, 0.01% Total potassium content; reduce the proportion of mineral potassium while increasing the proportion of the remaining forms of potassium. With the deepening of the soil layer, except for mineral potassium, the content and proportion of other forms of potassium decreased, and the special adsorption of potassium was not affected by the measures of potassium application and soil depth. The direct application of potassium fertilizer was better than that of straw returning, and the effect of the two measures on the potassium in the upper soil was more than that of the lower soil.