AIM:To examine if dietary and socio-economic factors contribute to Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)re-infection. METHODS:The population of patients consisted of subjects in whom H pylori infection had been successfully treated in the past.Patients were divided into two groups:Ⅰ-examined group(111 persons with H pylori re-infection)andⅡ-control group(175 persons who had not been re-infected).The respondents were interviewed retrospectively on their dietary habits and socio-economic factors. RESULTS:A statistically significant lower frequency of fermented dairy products(P<0.0001),vegetables (P=0.02),and fruit(P=0.008)consumption was noted among patients with H pylori re-infection as compared to those who had not been re-infected. CONCLUSION:High dietary intake of probiotic bacteria,mainly Lactobacillus,and antioxidants,mainly vitamin C(contained in fruit and vegetables),might decrease the risk of H pylori re-infection. AIM: To examine if dietary and socio-economic factors contribute to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) re-infection. METHODS: The population of patients consisted of subjects in whom H pylori infection had been successfully treated in the past. Patients were divided into two groups: I-examined group (111 persons with H pylori re-infection) and II-control group (175 persons who had not been re-infected). The respondents were interviewed retrospectively on their dietary habits and socio-economic factors. RESULTS: A statistically significant lower frequency of fermented dairy products (P <0.0001), vegetables (P = 0.02), and fruit (P = 0.008) consumption was noted among patients with H pylori re-infection as compared to those who had not been re-infected CONCLUSION: High dietary intake of probiotic bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus, and antioxidants, mainly vitamin C (contained in fruit and vegetables), might decrease the risk of H pylori re-infection.