望远镜的光轴平行性是双目仪器的重要指标,光轴失调会影响观察人员视力甚至观察效果。文章提出了利用棱镜微动理论建立望远镜光轴的检校模型,将检校过程分为初校和精校两个步骤,对推导过程进行了讨论。通过实验对该模型的正确性进行了验证,结果表明,结合CCD和图像处理技术可以对望远镜光轴进行精确校正。 Optical axis telescope binocular instrument is an important indicator of the optical axis disorders will affect the observer vision and even observation effect. In this paper, the calibration model of telescope optical axis is proposed by using the principle of prism fretting. The calibration process is divided into two steps: initial calibration and fine calibration. The derivation process is discussed. The correctness of the model is verified through experiments. The results show that the optical axis of the telescope can be accurately calibrated by CCD and image processing technology.