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水稻低温冷害是东北地区主要的农业气象灾害之一。与耗时、费力的传统灾情监测和调查方式相比,遥感技术能以宏观视角高效地监测灾害发生的范围及程度。为顺应立体化农业气象服务的发展趋势,探索利用TerraAqua MODIS反射率和地表温度数据进行水稻延迟型冷害动态监测的可能性,本文在遥感估算全天候平均气温分布、遥感识别水稻种植区及其关键生育期的基础上,构建了基于相对累积生长度日距平r AGDDa的水稻延迟型冷害指标,并开展了东北地区2000年—2012年水稻延迟型冷害动态监测的应用研究。结果表明:(1)MODIS估算的累积生长度日(MODIS_AGDD)与其对应台站估算值之间存在高度相关,除了5月上旬及9月下旬外,两者差值的多年平均值随时间变化幅度基本保持在55℃·d左右;(2)r AGDDa与其对应台站估算值的相关性比累积生长度日距平(AGDDa)的更高,采用r AGDDa指标监测东北地区水稻生长季热量条件的年际差异更有效;(3)基于MODIS_r AGDDa指标的监测结果与用气象行业标准指标(ΔT5-9)监测得到的延迟型冷害分布在众多灾害年均有较好的空间一致性,通过对比水稻减产率分布图,认为以MODIS_r AGDDa≤-5%判断水稻延迟型冷害的发生具有一定可行性;(4)分阶段统计的r AGDDa指标能反映出水稻各生育阶段的低温累积效应和高温补偿效应,可用于水稻延迟型冷害动态监测业务服务。
Chilling injury in rice is one of the major agricultural meteorological disasters in northeast China. Compared with the time-consuming and labor-intensive traditional disaster monitoring and investigation, remote sensing technology can effectively monitor the scope and extent of disasters from a macro perspective. In order to adapt to the development trend of three-dimensional agrometeorological services and to explore the possibility of using the Terra Aqua MODIS reflectance and surface temperature data to carry out the dynamic monitoring of rice delayed chilling injury, this paper estimates the distribution of all-weather temperature by remote sensing, Based on its key growth period, a retardation-based chilling injury index based on r AGDDa of relative accumulated growth degree was constructed and applied to the dynamic monitoring of delayed chilling injury in rice in Northeast China from 2000 to 2012. The results showed that: (1) There was a significant correlation between MODIS estimated AGD (MODIS_AGDD) and its corresponding station estimates, with the exception of early May and late September, (2) The correlation between r AGDDa and its corresponding station estimate was higher than that of AGDDa. The r AGDDa index was used to monitor the caloric conditions in the growing season of rice in northeast China (3) The monitoring results based on the MODIS_r AGDDa indicator and the delayed chilling injury distribution monitored by the meteorological industry standard indicator (ΔT5-9) have good spatial consistency in many disasters. (4) The staged r AGDDa index can reflect the low-temperature accumulation effect and high-temperature compensation effect at different growth stages of rice (Oryza sativa L.) , Which can be used for the business of rice delayed chilling injury dynamic monitoring.