2011年4月12日是人类第1次进入太空50周年纪念日。50年载人航天发展的经验和教训是一个值得深思和认真研究的问题。说到载人航天,当然离不开美国和苏联,不过苏联解体后,俄罗斯载人航天便不太景气;中国是后起之秀,虽然载人航天发展时间不长,但起点高,步伐稳。美国载人航天有两大特点:一是美国总统们喜爱标新立异,他们为美国制定的载人航天计划一个比一个宏伟、规模越来越庞大;二是各个载人航天计划之间联系不大,不是一条可持续发展的路线,而是一条一条的“断头路”。 April 12, 2011 marks the 50th anniversary of the first human being to enter space. The 50 years experience and lessons learned in the development of manned space flight is a question worth pondering and serious study. Speaking of manned spacecraft, of course, can not be separated from the United States and the Soviet Union, but the Soviet Union after the dissolution of the Russian manned space flight is not very prosperous; China is a rising star, although the manned space development time is not long, but the starting point, steady pace. The United States has two major characteristics of manned space: First, the U.S. presidents love something new and different. The manned space programs they plan for the United States are magnificent and are becoming larger and larger. Second, there is not much connection between various manned space programs, Not a sustainable development of the line, but one by one “broken head ”.