Objective:To observe the regulatory effects of TROY on neural myelination in central nervous system ( CNS ) and remyelination in response to spinal cord injury ( SCI ) by oligodendrocyte precursor cell ( OPC) . Results:TROY expression was detected by RT-PCR and West blotting in OPCs as well as in differen-tiated premature and mature oligodendrocytes of postnatal mice. Pharmacological inhibition or RNAi-induced knockdown of TROY promotes OPC differentiation, whereas overexpression of TROY dampens oligodendrocyte mat-uration. Furthermore, treatment of co-cultures of DRG neurons and OPCs with TROY inhibitors promotes myelina-tion and myelin sheath-like structures. Mechanically, protein kinase C ( PKC) signaling is involved in the regula-tion of the inhibitory effects of TROY. Moreover, in situ transplantation of OPCs with TROY knockdown leads to notably enhanced remyelination as well as augmented recovery of motor function and nervous conduction in rats with SCI. Conclusions:Our results indicate that TROY negatively modulates remyelination in the CNS, and thus may be a suitable target for improving the therapeutic efficacy of cell transplantation for CNS injury.