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关于《武》“未尽善”的原因,历来的主流观点是:周武以征伐取天下,不如虞舜揖让而受。此观点或导向德由天授,或导向仁义两难,这显然与孔子的思想相悖。除此之外,古今学者又提出了“未致太平”说和“声淫及商”说,这两种解释同样各有漏洞。考察《论语》中“善”字的用法,可以得出:“尽善”并不是指道德无亏,而是指达到完满的境界。进一步分析表明,美与真的统一是实现“尽善”的途径,《武》乐因夸饰伐纣的正义性而有违于此,所以孔子称其“未尽善”。在孔子的理想中,美具有伦理的意义,伦理具有审美的价值。
On the “Wu” “not perfect ” reasons, the mainstream view has always been: Zhou Wu to conquer the world, as Yu Shun 揖 let go. This view or guide Germany by heaven, or dilemma-oriented, which is clearly contrary to Confucius’s thinking. In addition, ancient and modern scholars have also proposed that “not cause peace” and “prostitution and quotient,” said both explanations also have loopholes. Examining the use of the word “good” in The Analects, we can conclude that “doing good” does not mean that morality does not lose, but that it means achieving a perfect state. Further analysis shows that the unification of beauty and trueness is the way to achieve “perfect ”, “Wu ” music because of exaggerating the justice and contrary to this, so Confucius called “not perfect ”. In Confucius’s ideal, beauty has ethical significance and ethics has aesthetic value.