明代出于军事防御需要,在西北地区修筑了数千公里的长城,其中在宁夏地区设立了宁夏、固原两座军事重镇及大量军事聚落对长城进行守御及管理。在严格的军事制度管理之下,这些军事聚落有着鲜明的层级结构。各层级聚落有着独特的修筑特点,聚落的选址受到水体、地势、长城、风水理论及军事活动等因素的综合影响,其城池规模、形制及内部功能布局也因层级及军事战略地位等不同而各有不同,越高等级的聚落位置越适中,规模越大,形制越完备,功能越完善,布局越合理。在明代之后,大多数军事聚落被延用下来,但因各种因素,有些聚落发展成为大中型城市,有些发展为乡镇、村落,有些被旅游业开发,有些则已废弃。对这些聚落的修筑特点及发展演变的研究,对于西北地区的城市规划及古城遗址保护有着重要的意义。 For the sake of military defense, the Ming Dynasty built thousands of kilometers of the Great Wall in the northwest. Two Ningxia and Guyuan military bases and a large number of military settlements were set up in Ningxia to defend and manage the Great Wall. Under strict military system management, these military settlements have a distinct hierarchical structure. The settlements at all levels have unique characteristics of construction. The site selection of settlements is affected by the combination of factors such as water body, topography, the Great Wall, Feng Shui theory and military activities. The size, shape and internal function of the settlement are also affected by different levels and military strategic positions Each different, the higher the level of settlement more moderate location, the larger the more complete the shape, the more perfect the function, the more reasonable the layout. Since the Ming Dynasty, most military settlements have been extended. However, due to various factors, some settlements have developed into large and medium-sized cities. Some have developed into villages and towns, some have been developed by tourism, and some have been abandoned. The research on the characteristics and evolution of these settlements is of great significance to the urban planning and protection of ancient city ruins in Northwest China.