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三角帆蚌近几年连续发生大面积死亡,群众称之谓三角帆蚌瘟病。对49个疫点的调查与实验观察表明,不同地区的三角帆蚌大批死亡具有相同的基本特征:本病发生在夏秋两季,只侵害2令以上的三角帆蚌,当年死亡率可达80％左右。本病病程较长,并与环境温度呈密切的负相关:y=52.8653-1.5830x,γ=-0.7693,P<0.01。发病蚌的排水与进水孔纤毛收缩,排粪减少,晚期无粪,张壳死亡。野外与实验室内均能自然感染健康帆蚌。氯霉素、四环素等多种药物在野外与实验室治疗均无效果。自然发病蚌以及相应除菌材料人工感染的发病蚌,病变部位与病变性质相互一致:消化腺与多种上皮细胞水泡变性,消化腺细胞浆出现缎密的酸性包含物,内质网普遍地高度扩张,这符合于一般动物病毒病的组织病理特征。
In recent years, the sparrow mussels have been reported to have died in large areas in succession. Investigation and experimental observation of 49 epidemic spots show that the large numbers of deaths of Hyriopsis cumingii in different regions have the same basic features: the disease occurs in summer and autumn and only affects more than two orders of Hyriopsis cumingii, and the death rate can reach 80 %about. The longer duration of the disease, and the environment temperature was closely negatively correlated: y = 52.8653-1.5830x, γ = -0.7693, P <0.01. Pathogenic mussels Drainage and water cilia shrink, reduce defecation, late no feces, Zhang shell death. Wild clams can naturally be infected in the fields and laboratories. Chloramphenicol, tetracycline and other drugs in the field and laboratory treatment had no effect. Natural disease mussels and the corresponding bacteria in the pathogenesis of artificial infection of mussels, lesion and lesion consistent with each other: the digestive gland and a variety of epithelial cell blisters degeneration, digestive gland cytoplasm satin dense acidic inclusions, the endoplasmic reticulum is generally highly expanded , Which is in line with the histopathological features of the general animal virus disease.