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目的：研究膀胱小细胞神经内分泌复合癌（ＳＣＮＥＣＣ）的临床病理特征及生物学行为。方法：采用光镜、电镜和免疫组化对１例膀胱ＳＣＮＥＣＣ进行观察及行随防。结果：本例肿瘤组织由小细胞神经内分泌癌（＞７５％）、移行细胞癌（＜２０％）及腺癌（＜５％）３种癌成分构成。电镜下在小细胞癌内可找见神经内分泌颗粒，免疫组化ＮＳＥ阳性。术后３个月发生肝与肩胛骨转移，１３个月死于肝功能衰竭。结论：ＳＣＮＥＣＣ是一罕见高度恶性肿瘤，有独特的病理形态，早期即可发生侵袭、转移，预后很差。手术切除辅以放疗及全身联合化疗是目前最宜治疗方案。
Objective: To study the clinicopathological features and biological behavior of bladder small cell neuroendocrine complex cancer (SCNECC). Methods: One case of bladder SCNECC was observed with light microscope, electron microscope and immunohistochemistry. Results: The tumor tissue consisted of three kinds of cancer components: small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (> 75%), transitional cell carcinoma (<20%) and adenocarcinoma (<5%). Electron microscopy in small cell carcinoma can find neuroendocrine granules, immunohistochemical NSE positive. Hepatic and scapular metastases occurred 3 months after operation and died of liver failure 13 months later. Conclusion: SCNECC is a rare and highly malignant tumor with a unique pathological morphology. Invasion and metastasis may occur early, and the prognosis is poor. Surgery combined with radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy is the most appropriate treatment options.