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目的 探索农村居民胃肠感染相关症状与抗菌药物使用的关系,为胃肠感染症状的正确应对措施提供理论指导.方法 采用随机整群抽样法,于2016年5月选取安徽省3个区域(南部、中部和北部)6个市12个县24个行政村的居民进行入户访谈.结果 收集有效问卷3 622份,应答率为98.6 ％.近1年胃肠道感染症状出现的平均人次为0.62,出现率为23.7 ％(860人);出现胃肠感染症状的居民中有73.3 ％(770人)采取卫生服务利用,其中有74.6 ％(455人)使用抗菌药物,62.2 ％(479人)就医,25.5 ％(196人)自行购药/服药,12.3 ％(95人)采取 ≥ 2种卫生服务利用.胃肠感染症状与是否就医及这部分居民是否使用抗菌药物有关(P＜0.05),且症状个数与抗菌药物使用比例呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 胃肠感染症状是影响抗菌药物使用的重要因素,是未来该领域研究的新方向.“,”Objective To explore the relationship between the symptoms of gastrointestinal infection and antimicrobial use among rural residents in Anhui province and to provide a theoretical guidance for implementing correct measures against gastrointestinal infections. Methods Using cluster random sampling, we conducted a household interview among rural residents aged ≥ 18 years in 24 administration villages of 12 counties across central, northern and southern regions of Ahhui province in May 2016. A structured questionnaire on demographic information, gastrointestinal infection-related symptoms and health service utilization was adopted in the survey. Results Valid information were collected from a total of 3 622 participants and the response rate of the survey was 98.6％. For all the participants during the previous one year, the incidence rate of gastrointestinal infection symptoms was 23.7％ and the average incident of the symptoms of was 0.62 person-time. Of the participants with gastrointestinal infection experience, 73.3％ reported the utilization of health care services. Of the users of health care service, 74.6％ reported using antibiotics; 62.2％ reported visiting a doctor; 25.5％ reported conducing self medication; and 12.3％ reported the utilization of two or more items of health care service. The number of gastrointestinal infection-related symptoms was positively correlated significantly with utilization of outpatient service and antimicrobial usage. Conclusion Gastrointestinal infection-related symptoms is an important factor affecting the usage of antibiotics among rural adult residents in Anhui province and concerns should be paid on relevant studies.