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高强度、高模量纤维防护材料是航天器空间碎片超高速撞击防护结构材料的发展趋势之一。开展弹丸超高速撞击高强纤维材料时的损伤分析是空间碎片防护结构研究开发设计的重要环节。玄武岩纤维是近年来受到人们关注的一种高强度、高模量纤维。文章对铝合金弹丸超高速撞击玄武岩纤维布的损伤特性进行了分析研究,观察到了弹丸前部的损伤形态。根据试验结果拟合得到了铝合金弹丸后部产生初始破坏的临界破碎速度方程。分析表明:在试验范围内,铝合金弹丸撞击玄武岩纤维布的临界破碎速度低于撞击铝合金板的,即玄武岩纤维布对铝合金弹丸的破碎能力优于铝合金板。
High-strength, high-modulus fiber protection materials are one of the development trends of spacecraft debris debris hypervelocity impact protection materials. Damage analysis of projectile in super-high-velocity impact high-strength fiber material is an important part of the research and development of space debris protection structure. Basalt fiber is a kind of high strength and high modulus fiber that has drawn people’s attention in recent years. In this paper, the damage characteristics of super high-speed impact basalt fiber cloth of aluminum alloy projectile were analyzed, and the damage morphology of projectile front was observed. According to the test results, the critical breaking speed equation of the initial failure of the rear part of the aluminum alloy projectile was obtained. The analysis shows that the critical breaking speed of aluminum alloy pellets impinging basalt fiber cloth is lower than that of impinging aluminum alloy plate within the experimental range, that is basalt fiber cloth is superior to aluminum alloy plate in breaking ability of aluminum alloy pellets.