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为了对我国核工业三十年来厂矿放射性工作人员可能出现的职业照射危害进行评价,1984～1986年开始对核工业总公司所属厂矿放射性工作人员进行回顾前瞻性辐射流行病学调查,观察期间1971～1985,连同对照组共观察40122人,575411人年。在部分核工厂还进行了辐射遗传学调查。结果看到,堆工后处理厂及核技术研究部门放射性作业人员的累积个人剂量为57mSv,与国外核工厂报道结果相似,燃料元件制造厂和气体扩散厂的个人剂量估计为5mSv。核工厂放射性工作人员的癌症,特别是各种非癌症性疾病的死亡率并不高于,实际经常低于对照组和全国居民值,显示出健康人员效应。从受照剂量来看,也说明目前不可能出现可以觉察的癌症增加。检查3.18万名核工厂工作人员的子女,放射组和对照组的遗传性和先天性疾病的发生率未见明显差别。这些结果为我国核工业的安全评价提供直接的医学证据。早年核工业铀地质勘探和铀矿山井下氡子体浓度较高,地质队和铀矿山井下矿工氡子体累积暴露量为80WLM,矿工肺癌为一般人群的大约2倍,低于美国、捷克铀矿和国内某些有色金属矿的肺癌危险水平。单位工作水平月引起的肺癌相对危险增加,则与国外报道结果相近似。
In order to appraise the occupational exposure hazards that radioactive workers in factories and mines may appear for thirty years in our country’s nuclear industry, from 1984 to 1986, the prospective radiation epidemiological investigation was conducted on radioactive workers in factories and mines owned by the Nuclear Industry Corporation. During the observation period, 1985, together with the control group were observed 40,122 people, 575,411 person-years. Radiological surveys were also conducted at some of the nuclear plants. The results showed that the cumulative personal dose of radioactive workers in the reprocessing plant and nuclear technology research department was 57mSv. Similar to the results reported by foreign nuclear plants, the individual dose of the fuel element manufacturer and gas diffusion plant was estimated to be 5mSv. Nuclear factory radiological staff’s cancer, especially various non-cancer diseases, the mortality rate is not higher than the actual often lower than the control group and the national population, showing a healthy person effect. From the dose of view, also shows that there is no possible increase in cancer can be detected. There was no significant difference in the incidence of hereditary and congenital diseases among the children of the 31,800 nuclear factory staff in the radiological group and the control group. These results provide direct medical evidence for the safety evaluation of China’s nuclear industry. Earlier nuclear industry uranium geological exploration and uranium mines underground high concentration of radon, geology team and underground miners radon son cumulative exposure of 80WLM, miners lung cancer about 2 times the general population, lower than the United States, the Czech uranium And some domestic non-ferrous metal mine lung cancer risk level. Unit work level caused by the relative risk of lung cancer increased, then similar results with foreign reports.