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本文阐述了炭疽毒素的细胞表面受体研究及其与保护性抗原结合分子机制等方面的进展。到目前为止,共发现两种炭疽毒素受体,分别由TEM8和CMG2基因编码。炭疽毒素受体的发现和鉴定对炭疽的病理学研究具有重要的意义,而且体外实验发现的受体与毒素的高亲和力也为受体本身作为炭疽的治疗剂带来了希望。CMG2和PA结合状态晶体结构的解析使我们能够对毒素进入细胞质过程的分子细节有所推论。所建立的理论模型为研究其他类型穿透细胞膜发挥作用的毒素的作用过程提供了重要的参考。
This article describes the research progress of anthrax toxin cell surface receptors and its molecular mechanism of protective antigen binding. To date, two anthrax toxin receptors have been found, encoded by the TEM8 and CMG2 genes, respectively. The discovery and identification of anthrax toxin receptors are of great significance to the pathological study of anthrax. Moreover, the high affinity of the receptors and toxins found in vitro also brings hope for the receptors themselves as therapeutic agents for anthrax. The resolution of the crystal structure of the combined state of CMG2 and PA enabled us to deduce the molecular details of the toxin entry into the cytoplasm. The established theoretical model provides an important reference for the study of the role of other types of toxins that penetrate the cell membrane.