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锁在中国已经使用了几千年,但是有关介绍中国锁具的文献却是付之闝如。本文根据作者过去多年来对中国锁具的蒐藏与研究,介绍中国古锁的发展与特征。中国古铜锁为简单的掛锁,出现於铜器时代,大部份是具有弹簧片的钥匙锁,少部份是文字组合锁。自唐朝起,中国锁的机构与造型开始多元化。中国古锁的特征展现於锁的机构、锁的外形、钥匙孔的类型、钥孔的外形、钥匙头的形状、锁的开启方式、以及锁的材质。与现代的西洋锁相比较,中国古锁最大的不同点在於,有些锁的钥匙不容易直接插入钥匙槽,有些锁甚至难以找到钥匙槽。期望本文的发表,具抛砖引玉之效,启发出更多有关中国古锁的研究与发表。
Locks have been in use for thousands of years in China, but the literature on the introduction of Chinese locks is a recipe for success. Based on the author’s collection and research on Chinese locks over the years, this paper introduces the development and characteristics of ancient Chinese locks. Chinese bronze lock is a simple padlock, appeared in the Bronze Age, most are the key lock with a spring piece, a small part of the text combination lock. Since the Tang Dynasty, China’s lock institutions and modeling began to diversify. The characteristics of ancient Chinese locks show the mechanism of the lock, the shape of the lock, the type of the keyhole, the shape of the keyhole, the shape of the key head, the way the lock is unlocked, and the material of the lock. Compared with the modern western locks, the biggest difference between ancient locks in China is that some of the key lock is not easy to insert directly into the key slot, some locks and even difficult to find the key slot. Expectations of this article published, with aroused, to inspire more research on ancient Chinese lock and published.