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海南岛地处热带,晚第三纪以来喷发的玄武岩上广泛发育铁铝土。土壤剖面的常量元素、微量元素、化学风化指标及元素迁移率的研究表明:(1)土壤Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2和TiO2元素富集,水溶型元素强烈淋失,高CIA值和低ba值均显示其经历强烈的化学风化作用;(2)元素含量和元素迁移率的计算结果显示,温带难迁移的Ti、Zr、Hf和Nb等元素在高温多雨的热带环境下也会发生强烈的淋失,究其原因主要受湿热环境下高有机质含量和强酸性条件影响;(3)Fe、Al、Cu和Ni等元素的迁移则反映了基岩发育土壤自下而上的风化渐进特征;(4)表层土壤K、Na和Sr元素的强烈富集则与大气沉降有关。
Hainan Island is located in the tropics, widely developed on the basalt erupted since the late Tertiary. The results show that: (1) Al203, Fe203, SiO2 and TiO2 elements are enriched in the soil, strongly leached water-soluble elements, high CIA values and low Ba values (2) The calculation of elemental content and elemental mobility shows that Ti, Zr, Hf and Nb, which are difficult to migrate in temperate zone, also show a strong leaching loss under tropical and rainy tropical conditions (3) The migration of elements such as Fe, Al, Cu and Ni reflects the progressive bottom-up weathering characteristics of bedrock soils; (4) The strong enrichment of K, Na and Sr in the topsoil is related to the atmospheric deposition.