目的　观察外周动静脉同步换血治疗新生儿重度高胆红素血症的疗效及血红蛋白、电解质的变化。方法　对符合条件的 38例采用留置针穿刺 ,外周静脉输血 ,桡动脉抽血 ,同步进出速度 90～ 15 0ml/h ,配血量 16 0～ 180ml/kg(其中 10～ 15ml/kg为换血后输血用 ) ,换血前后监测胆红素、电解质、血常规 ,并进行比较。结果　换血前后总胆红素、间接胆红素的换出率分别为 5 3.76 %、5 5 .46 % ,有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,血红蛋白换血后较换血前显著升高 (P <0 .0 1) ,血钾、钠无明显变化 ,血钙略有下降。结论　外周动静脉同步换血治疗新生儿重度高胆红素血症 ,简单、易行、疗效可靠 ,无明显并发症 Objective To observe the curative effect of peripheral arteriovenous exchange transfusion on severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and changes of hemoglobin and electrolytes. Methods Thirty-eight eligible patients were treated with indwelling needle puncture, peripheral venous blood transfusion and radial artery blood drawing, with the speed of 90 ~ 150ml / h and the blood volume of 160 ~ 180ml / kg (10 ~ 15ml / Blood transfusion), bilirubin, electrolytes, and blood tests were monitored before and after transfusion and compared. Results The exchange rates of total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin before and after transfusions were 5 3.76% and 55.46%, respectively (P 0. 01), and the exchange rates of hemoglobin were significantly higher than those before transfusions (P <0. 01), serum potassium, sodium no significant change, a slight decrease in serum calcium. Conclusions Peripheral arteriovenous exchange transfusion is a simple, easy and reliable method for the treatment of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia without obvious complications