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目的 探讨重庆黔江地区育龄期妇女乳腺增生状况及相关危险因素.方法 选取2016年1-12月重庆市黔江中心医院行乳腺增生普查的育龄期妇女行问卷调查、乳房触诊、乳腺B超或乳腺X线钼靶,对难以诊断的情况可采用乳腺组织穿刺病理活检以明确诊断.结果 参与本次普查的230例育龄期妇女中,共发现137例患有乳腺疾病的患者,患病率为59.57％.其中患乳腺增生者113例,患病率为49.13％;患乳腺纤维肿瘤者11例,患病率为4.78％;乳腺囊肿7例,患病率3.04％,乳腺炎3例,患病率1.30％,乳头内陷1例,患病率0.43％,乳腺癌者2例,患病率为0.87％.单因素分析结果提示,年龄、流产史、职业、家族史、初潮年龄、情绪状态、避孕方式是乳腺增生发病的相关因素(P＜0.05).多因素分析结果提示,流产史、初潮年龄、家族史、情绪状态是乳腺增生的危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 重庆黔江地区育龄期妇女乳腺增生的发病率较高,应加强该地区育龄期妇女有关疾病知识的教育宣讲,加强普查次数,从而降低乳腺疾病对女性的影响,提高其生活质量.“,”Objective To explore breast hyperplasia status and relevant risk factors among the women of childbearing age in Qianjiang region of Chongqing.Methods The women of childbearing age undergoing breast hyperplasia general screening in Qianjiang Central Hospital of Chongqing from January to December in 2016 were selected,questionnaire survey,breast palpation,breast color Doppler ultrasonography or mammography were performed.Breast puncture,biopsy,and pathological examination was used for definite diagnosis.Results Among 230 women of childbearing age,the prevalence rate of breast diseases was 59.57％ (137 cases),including 113 cases (49.13％) with breast hyperplasia,11 cases (4.78％) with breast fibroadenoma,7 cases (3.04％) with galactoma,3 cases (1.30％) with mammitis,1 case (0.43％) with nipple retraction,and 2 cases (0.87％) with breast cancer.Univariate analysis showed that age,abortion history,occupation,family history,menarche age,emotional state,and contraceptive methods were relevant factors of breast hyperplasia (P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that abortion history,menarche age,family history,and emotional state were risk factors of breast hyperplasia (P＜0.05).Conclusion The prevalence rate of breast hyperplasia is high among the women of childbearing age in Qianjiang region of Chongqing.Educational propaganda about the disease should be enhanced among the women of childbearing age in this region,and the general screening times should be increased to reduce the effect of breast diseases on women of childbearing age and improve the quality of life.