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在近代中国，由于从西方大量引进了先进的科学技术并在实际中广泛运用，因而引发了中国近代的产业革命。这一革命大致经历了洋务企业引进和试用大机器、民营工业的发轫及中国政府科技政策的变动与产业革命进一步发展这样三个历史阶段。与此同时，在一部分先进的实业家身上也萌发了近代产业革命精神。然而，由于中国封建主义思想影响的深重，近代科技并未转化成广大中国人的普遍意识和精神，科技理性意识还相当薄弱，因而，中国近代产业革命终未能顺利完成，甚至遭受重大挫折。
In modern China, due to the massive introduction of advanced science and technology from the West and the widespread application in practice, it triggered the industrial revolution in modern China. This revolution has generally experienced three historical stages: the introduction and trial of large-scale machines by foreign-funded enterprises, the changes in the science and technology policies of the Chinese government and the further development of the industrial revolution. In the meantime, the spirit of modern industrial revolution has also been sprouted by some advanced industrialists. However, due to the profound influence of Chinese feudalism, modern science and technology did not translate into the general awareness and spirit of the Chinese people, and the sense of scientific and technological rationality was still rather weak. Therefore, the industrial revolution in modern China has not been successfully completed and even suffered major setbacks.