利用FNL再分析资料,统计2008—2012年入海发展江淮气旋并根据气旋不同深厚程度及季节特征分为:暖季深厚型、暖季浅薄型、冬季浅薄型和春初底层型。各类气旋的统计及合成分析表明四类气旋入海基本特征为:入海路径可分为东路和东北路;冬季与初春气旋入海发展增强幅度大于暖季;不同深厚气旋入海后均有下垫面摩擦力减小近海面风力增强,大风区扩大且由气旋偏东位置向东南偏移;暖季气旋入海降水强度增幅明显,并与气旋深厚程度成正比,冬季及春初气旋入海后降水增幅小,春初气旋后部有零散强降水。对入海发展机制的合成诊断显示,气旋中凝结潜热释放对暖季气旋起重要作用,并与气旋深厚程度成正比,对冬季气旋也有正贡献,但对春初底层型气旋无明显作用。春初底层型对海面动力热力影响更敏感,入海后正涡度区的垂直伸展较其它型更显著。而有利于气旋加深的上空辐散中心位置高度与气旋的深厚程度成正比。气旋入海发展中环境因子分析显示,下垫面非绝热加热对冬季和初春气旋作用显著,对暖季气旋影响不明显。高空急流动量下传与下垫面摩擦减弱促使各类气旋增强。湿位涡对暖季气旋有重要正贡献,对深厚气旋作用更强。冬季和初春风场的惯性稳定度和切变稳定度的共同作用有利于气旋增强。1 000 h Pa上湿斜压项MPV2显示的气旋区域温湿锋区位置及强度与入海气旋雨区及雨强对应较好,具有显著指示性。 Based on the FNL reanalysis data, statistics are made for the development of the Jianghuai cyclone into the sea from 2008 to 2012. According to the different depths and seasonal characteristics of the cyclone, the data are divided into deep type in warm season, shallow type in warm season, shallow type in winter and bottom type in early spring. The statistics and synthetic analyzes of various types of cyclones show that the basic characteristics of the four types of cyclone into the sea are as follows: the sea route can be divided into East Road and Northeast Road; in winter and early spring, the enhanced extent of cyclone into sea is greater than that in warm season; Friction decreases near the sea surface, the wind force increases, and the gale area expands to the southeast from the eastern part of the cyclone. The precipitation intensity of warm-season cyclone goes into the sea increases obviously, and it is proportional to the depth of cyclone. In winter and early spring, Early spring cyclone rear scattered heavy precipitation. The synthetic diagnosis of the mechanism of entry into the sea shows that the release of latent heat of condensation in the cyclone plays an important role in the warm-season cyclone and is directly proportional to the depth of the cyclone. It also contributes positively to the winter cyclone, but it has no significant effect on the underlying cyclone during the early spring. At the beginning of spring, the sub-type is more sensitive to the dynamic thermal effects of the sea surface, and the vertical extension of the positive vorticity area after entering the sea is more significant than the other types. While the height of the upper center of the divergence center that is favorable to the deepening of the cyclone is directly proportional to the depth of the cyclone. Analysis of the environmental factors in the development of cyclone into the sea shows that the non-adiabatic heating on the underlying surface has a significant effect on the cyclone in winter and early spring, but has no obvious effect on the warm-season cyclone. The descent of upper jet flow momentum and the friction of underlying surface weaken the enhancement of all kinds of cyclones. The wet-potential vortex has an important positive contribution to the warm-season cyclone and has a stronger effect on deep cyclones. The combined effect of inertial stability and shear stability in winter and early spring wind fields is beneficial to cyclone enhancement. The location and intensity of the warm-humid front in the cyclone zone displayed by MPV2 at 1 000 hPa is correspondingly better than the rainy zone and rainfall intensity entering the sea, indicating that it is significant.