就士人群体生存之道而言,不仅仅受其社会经历、知识结构、生存环境等影响,还基于传统道德原则、明清社会变迁及区域社会环境等作出适应性选择。山东士人群体也在上述诸种因素综合影响之下,其生存之道展现出多样性。有些士人坚守忠孝仁义之理念,不向权贵低头;有些士人则舍弃道德原则,选择寄生性的生活;还有些士人不满足于现实生活的羁绊,崇尚自然,追求朴真,以隐逸来摆脱尘世的浊与俗。凡此诸种适应性选择,均是处于不同层次之士不同价值观念的体现。但是,仁义礼智信作为士人传统价值观,依然构成其生存之道的主流,并与其他非主流观念不断整合并完善。 In terms of the survival of the scholar population, it is not only affected by its social experience, knowledge structure and living environment, but also makes adaptive choices based on the traditional moral principles, the social changes in the Ming and Qing dynasties and the regional social environment. The groups of scholars in Shandong are also under the comprehensive influence of the above-mentioned various factors and their diversity of existence is manifested. Some scholars insist on the concept of loyalty and filial benevolence, do not bow to the power; some scholars abandon the moral principles, choose a parasitic life; others are not satisfied with the fetters of real life, advocating nature, the pursuit of simplicity, to seclusion Get rid of earthly muddy and vulgar. All these kinds of adaptive choices are the embodiment of different values ​​of people at different levels. However, as the traditional values ​​of scholars, the righteousness and righteousness wisdom still form the mainstream of its existence and continue to be integrated and improved with other non-mainstream concepts.