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反义复合词是指由两个意义相反或相对的单音节语素所构成的并列式复合词。汉语中的绝大多数反义复合词属于常用词,与我们的日常言语交际息息相关。闻石在《词的反义分化与反义复合》一文中指出,反义复合现象存在于世界上的多种语言之中,它体现了人类思维的矛盾统一。~([1])“高下”和“高低”是一组相互联系的反义复合词。龙潜庵《宋元语言词典》收录了“不知高低”~([2](P143)),但其释义有待商榷。本文将在全面梳理“高下”、“高低”语义演变轨迹的基础上,对两者展开比较研究,以期揭示相关规律。
Antisense compound word refers to the compound words composed of two opposite monophyletic morphemes or opposite compound words. The vast majority of antisense compounds in Chinese are common words, closely related to our daily verbal communication. In his article “Antonymic Differentiation and Antisense Compound,” Wen Shi pointed out that the phenomenon of antisense compound exists in many languages in the world and reflects the contradiction and unity of human thinking. ~ ([1]) “high” and “low ” are a group of interconnected antisense compounds. Long Qian Temple “Song Yuan language dictionary” contains “I do not know the level of” ~ ([2] (P143)), but its interpretation remains to be discussed. Based on a comprehensive review of the semantic evolution trajectories of “高下”, “高高” and “高高”, this article will conduct a comparative study of the two in order to reveal the relevant laws.