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药品的成本-效果分析是药物经济学发展的源头,因此关于成本和效果的测量技术是药物经济学研究的重点之一,从这个方面来说,药物经济学像是一门工程学科。然而,药物经济学中的“效果”具有广泛的意义,包括临床产出指标、流行病学指标,以及(也是最重要的)效用指标等。其中前两类指标有客观的指示值,可以采用工程学上的方法进行测量,而效用指标则具有主观性,往往不可直接观察,需要通过人的行为,在一系列经济学的假设下,从行为推测效用。
The cost-effectiveness analysis of medicines is the source of the development of pharmacoeconomics. Therefore, the measurement technique of cost and effect is one of the focuses of pharmacoeconomics. In this respect, pharmacoeconomics is like an engineering discipline. However, the “effect” of pharmacoeconomics has a wide range of implications, including clinical outcomes, epidemiological indicators, and, most importantly, utility indicators. Among them, the first two indexes have objective indication value, which can be measured by engineering method, while utility index has subjectivity, often can not be directly observed, and need to be through human behavior. Under a series of economic assumptions, Behavioral speculation utility.