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根据灞河流域水沙特点,选取反映灞河流域水沙变化趋势的马渡王水文站,利用灞河流域50年的实测年径流量和年输沙量资料,采用Mann-Kendall非参数统计检验法、小波分析法、双累积曲线法,结合流域降雨量分析了灞河流域水沙年际变化特点及突变的年份。结果表明:灞河流域水沙年内分配极不均匀,水沙总体下降趋势明显;水沙序列具有多时间尺度特征,但变化尺度并不一致;径流量和输沙量分别在1989年和1981年发生了突变,但突变时间具有差异性,且输沙量的敏感性更强;进一步分析表明,降雨量的波动是径流量年际变化的主要影响因素,而输沙量的减少则主要受到径流量和人类活动的综合影响。
According to the characteristics of water and sediment in Bahe River Basin, the Maluwang Hydrometric Station, which reflects the trend of water and sediment in Bahe River Basin, is selected. Based on 50 years of measured annual runoff and annual sediment discharge in Bahe River Basin, Mann-Kendall nonparametric statistical test Method, wavelet analysis method and double cumulative curve method were used to analyze the interannual variation characteristics of water and sediment and the years of abrupt change in Bahe River Basin. The results show that the water and sediment distribution in the Bahe River Basin is extremely uneven during the year, and the overall trend of water and sediment descent is obvious. The water and sediment sequences have the characteristics of multiple time scales, but the scales of variation are not consistent. The runoff and sediment load occurred in 1989 and 1981 respectively But the mutation time is different, and the sensitivity of sediment yield is stronger. Further analysis shows that the fluctuation of rainfall is the main influencing factor of interannual variation of runoff, while the decrease of sediment load is mainly affected by runoff And the combined effects of human activity.