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被动语态是高中语法的一项重要内容，也是一个难点。本文通过正误对比方式来具体说明一下被动语态的用法，让同学们加深对被动语态的了解。
一、 正误例析，解决特殊问题
1. 这种材料摸起来非常柔软。
【误】 This kind of material is felt very soft.
【正】 This kind of material feels very soft.
【析】 feel是表示状态特征的连系动词，用主动式表示被动意义。类似的动词有look, smell, taste, sound, prove, seem, appear, remain, stay等。
2. 是你的妻子而不是你因宠坏了孩子要受到责备。
【误】 It is your wife rather than you that is to be blamed for the spoiled child.
【正】 It is your wife rather than you that is to blame for the spoiled child.
【析】 be to blame意为“该受责备”，是固定短语，用不定式的主动式表示被动意义。
3. 我认为这部电影值得再看一遍。
【误】 I think the film is worth being seen a second time.
【正】 I think the film is worth seeing a second time.
【析】 形容词worth和动词want, need, require, can’t stand (忍受), deserve (该，值得)等后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
4. 这场交通事故发生在离我们学校只有几十步距离的地方。
【误】 The traffic accident was occurred only a stone’s throw from our school.
【正】 The traffic accident occurred only a stone’s throw from our school.
【析】 occur为不及物动词，因此没有被动语态，要用主动式表示被动意义。类似的用法还有：happen, fall, go, last, break out, take place, come out等。
5. 他在会上提到的那个问题很难回答。
【误】 The question that he referred to at the meeting was quite difficult to be answered.
【正】 The question that he referred to at the meeting was quite difficult to answer.
【析】 不定式用作表语形容词的状语时，说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表达的情况，且与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表示被动意义。类似的形容词有easy, hard, important, nice, pleasant, heavy等。
6. 你有信件需要我寄吗？
【误】 Do you have any letters to send by me?
【正】 Do you have any letters to be sent by me?
【析】 作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语如果是句中的主语时，用主动式；如果不是则要用被动语态。若无by me应用to send。
7. 正在建的那间房子属于我。
【误】 The house being built now is belonged to me.
【正】 The house being built now belongs to me.
【析】 belong to为不及物动词短语，因此没有被动语态。
8. 无论什么时候需要我帮忙，我都会来的。
【误】 I’ll come here to help you whenever needing.
【正】 I’ll come here to help you whenever needed.
【析】 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句的主语是it，而从句中的谓语又包含助动词be时，从句的主语和助动词可以省略。在此题中的whenever 后面省略了it is。it指代主句。
9. 这个调皮的男孩藏在了门后，所以我们没能找到他。
【误】 The naughty boy was hidden behind the door, so we couldn’t find him.
【正】 The naughty boy hid behind the door, so we couldn’t find him.
【析】 hide即可作不及物动词也可作及物动词，正句用作不及物动词，还可说hid himself behind the door，这么一来hide就用作及物动词了。误句是别人把调皮男孩藏在门后。
10. 玛丽需要去那个公司工作，尽管她不愿意。
【误】 Mary wanted to work in that company though she didn’t like to.
【正】 Mary was wanted to work in that company though she didn’t like to
【析】 want意为“需要(某人)；要求(某人)在场”时，通常用被动语态。例如：You’ll not be wanted this afternoon. 今天下午用不着你了。
11. 令我们非常吃惊的是，这个消息整夜间传遍了全城。
【误】 Much to our surprise, the news was spread all over the city overnight.
【正】 Much to our surprise, the news spread all over the city overnight.
【析】 spread意为“传播”，是不及物动词，因此没有被动语态。
12. 北京奥林匹克修建工作将要在2006年完工。
【误】 All construction work for the Beijing Olympics will complete by 2006.
【正】 All construction work for the Beijing Olympics will have been completed by 2006.
【析】 by 2006表明应该用将来完成时态，又因为谓语complete与主语work构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此此句应该用将来完成时态。
13. 每一种方法都应该被充分利用来解决这一问题。
【误】 Every means should be made full use to solve the problem.
【正】 Every means should be made full use of to solve the problem.
【析】 “make full use of ...”意为“充分利用...”，含有介词的动词短语改为被动语态时，其介词不能省略。类似的短语动词还有take notice of, take hold of, keep a record of, play a trick on, take care of等。
14. 一个小男孩正被一群孩子们包围着，他受到了嘲弄。
【误】 A little boy is surrounded by a group of children. He is making fun of.
【正】 A little boy is surrounded by a group of children. He is being made fun of.
【析】 make fun of与he 是动宾关系，因此此句应该用被动语态。
15. 游客们请不要摸展览品。
【误】 Visitors request not to touch the exhibits.
【正】 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
【析】 句中request是及物动词，缺少宾语，因此要用被动语态。
二、巩固练习，彻底走出误区
1. More than a dozen students in that school_______(send) abroad to study medicine last year.
2. The World War I_______ (break out) in 1914 and _____ (last) four years.
3. Please don’t use my computer, for it needs_______/_______. (repair)
4. If_______ (ask) what impressed me most during the summer holiday, I may tell you it was my visit to the Summer Palace that I liked best.
5. The beef didn’t taste delicious. They_______(cook) too long.
6. Popular music_______ (think well of) by most young people.
7. My sister suggested to me that another means_______ (try) again.
8. The hotel is quite comfortable to_______(live) in.
9. Do you know when the book “That Guy Was Cool” _______? (come out)
10. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_______(place) under the Minister’s car.
Keys: 1. were sent2. broke out; lasted3. repairing / to be repaired4. asked5. had been cooked6. is well thought of7. (should) be tried8. live9. came out10. had been placed ★
一、 正误例析，解决特殊问题
1. 这种材料摸起来非常柔软。
【误】 This kind of material is felt very soft.
【正】 This kind of material feels very soft.
【析】 feel是表示状态特征的连系动词，用主动式表示被动意义。类似的动词有look, smell, taste, sound, prove, seem, appear, remain, stay等。
2. 是你的妻子而不是你因宠坏了孩子要受到责备。
【误】 It is your wife rather than you that is to be blamed for the spoiled child.
【正】 It is your wife rather than you that is to blame for the spoiled child.
【析】 be to blame意为“该受责备”，是固定短语，用不定式的主动式表示被动意义。
3. 我认为这部电影值得再看一遍。
【误】 I think the film is worth being seen a second time.
【正】 I think the film is worth seeing a second time.
【析】 形容词worth和动词want, need, require, can’t stand (忍受), deserve (该，值得)等后用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
4. 这场交通事故发生在离我们学校只有几十步距离的地方。
【误】 The traffic accident was occurred only a stone’s throw from our school.
【正】 The traffic accident occurred only a stone’s throw from our school.
【析】 occur为不及物动词，因此没有被动语态，要用主动式表示被动意义。类似的用法还有：happen, fall, go, last, break out, take place, come out等。
5. 他在会上提到的那个问题很难回答。
【误】 The question that he referred to at the meeting was quite difficult to be answered.
【正】 The question that he referred to at the meeting was quite difficult to answer.
【析】 不定式用作表语形容词的状语时，说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表达的情况，且与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表示被动意义。类似的形容词有easy, hard, important, nice, pleasant, heavy等。
6. 你有信件需要我寄吗？
【误】 Do you have any letters to send by me?
【正】 Do you have any letters to be sent by me?
【析】 作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语如果是句中的主语时，用主动式；如果不是则要用被动语态。若无by me应用to send。
7. 正在建的那间房子属于我。
【误】 The house being built now is belonged to me.
【正】 The house being built now belongs to me.
【析】 belong to为不及物动词短语，因此没有被动语态。
8. 无论什么时候需要我帮忙，我都会来的。
【误】 I’ll come here to help you whenever needing.
【正】 I’ll come here to help you whenever needed.
【析】 如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或者从句的主语是it，而从句中的谓语又包含助动词be时，从句的主语和助动词可以省略。在此题中的whenever 后面省略了it is。it指代主句。
9. 这个调皮的男孩藏在了门后，所以我们没能找到他。
【误】 The naughty boy was hidden behind the door, so we couldn’t find him.
【正】 The naughty boy hid behind the door, so we couldn’t find him.
【析】 hide即可作不及物动词也可作及物动词，正句用作不及物动词，还可说hid himself behind the door，这么一来hide就用作及物动词了。误句是别人把调皮男孩藏在门后。
10. 玛丽需要去那个公司工作，尽管她不愿意。
【误】 Mary wanted to work in that company though she didn’t like to.
【正】 Mary was wanted to work in that company though she didn’t like to
【析】 want意为“需要(某人)；要求(某人)在场”时，通常用被动语态。例如：You’ll not be wanted this afternoon. 今天下午用不着你了。
11. 令我们非常吃惊的是，这个消息整夜间传遍了全城。
【误】 Much to our surprise, the news was spread all over the city overnight.
【正】 Much to our surprise, the news spread all over the city overnight.
【析】 spread意为“传播”，是不及物动词，因此没有被动语态。
12. 北京奥林匹克修建工作将要在2006年完工。
【误】 All construction work for the Beijing Olympics will complete by 2006.
【正】 All construction work for the Beijing Olympics will have been completed by 2006.
【析】 by 2006表明应该用将来完成时态，又因为谓语complete与主语work构成逻辑上的动宾关系，因此此句应该用将来完成时态。
13. 每一种方法都应该被充分利用来解决这一问题。
【误】 Every means should be made full use to solve the problem.
【正】 Every means should be made full use of to solve the problem.
【析】 “make full use of ...”意为“充分利用...”，含有介词的动词短语改为被动语态时，其介词不能省略。类似的短语动词还有take notice of, take hold of, keep a record of, play a trick on, take care of等。
14. 一个小男孩正被一群孩子们包围着，他受到了嘲弄。
【误】 A little boy is surrounded by a group of children. He is making fun of.
【正】 A little boy is surrounded by a group of children. He is being made fun of.
【析】 make fun of与he 是动宾关系，因此此句应该用被动语态。
15. 游客们请不要摸展览品。
【误】 Visitors request not to touch the exhibits.
【正】 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
【析】 句中request是及物动词，缺少宾语，因此要用被动语态。
二、巩固练习，彻底走出误区
1. More than a dozen students in that school_______(send) abroad to study medicine last year.
2. The World War I_______ (break out) in 1914 and _____ (last) four years.
3. Please don’t use my computer, for it needs_______/_______. (repair)
4. If_______ (ask) what impressed me most during the summer holiday, I may tell you it was my visit to the Summer Palace that I liked best.
5. The beef didn’t taste delicious. They_______(cook) too long.
6. Popular music_______ (think well of) by most young people.
7. My sister suggested to me that another means_______ (try) again.
8. The hotel is quite comfortable to_______(live) in.
9. Do you know when the book “That Guy Was Cool” _______? (come out)
10. The policeman’s attention was suddenly caught by a small box which_______(place) under the Minister’s car.
Keys: 1. were sent2. broke out; lasted3. repairing / to be repaired4. asked5. had been cooked6. is well thought of7. (should) be tried8. live9. came out10. had been placed ★