公共产品是公共经济学理论的核心概念,也是一个按照属性来定义的概念。但是,它的两个消费属性:非排他性和非竞争性,并没能全面把握公共产品的本质。从而使得公共经济学在运用这个概念进行分析时,存在不少矛盾和模糊之处。本文对公共产品的本质属性进行了较全面的分析,重点强调了不可逃避性和非排除性。 Public goods is the core concept of public economics theory, and it is also a concept defined by attributes. However, its two consumer attributes: non-exclusive and non-competitive, did not fully grasp the nature of public goods. As a result, there are many contradictions and ambiguities in the use of this concept in public economics. This article analyzes the essential attributes of public goods in a comprehensive way, emphasizing inevitability and non-exclusion.