一、前言在我们日常生活中和生产科研工作中使用着成百上千种计量器具，如果使用不合格的计量器具就会出现这样或那样的问题。例如，使用不合格的血压计或心、脑电图机，就会出现医疗事故，直接关系到人们的生命安全；压力表失准，容易弓愧锅炉爆炸，发生人身伤亡事故；在国防 I. Preface We use hundreds of kinds of measuring instruments in our daily life and in production and scientific research. If we use unqualified measuring instruments, we will have one or more problems. For example, the use of substandard sphygmomanometer or heart, EEG machine, there will be a medical accident, is directly related to people’s lives and safety; pressure gauges inaccurate, easy bow Jian boiler explosion, personal injury accidents; in the national defense