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非生产性因素造成了劳动力市场扭曲,从而导致行业收入不平等。基于此,本文利用2007年中国家庭收入分配调查数据,并控制住个体性别、年龄和婚姻状况等表征劳动生产率的特征之后,评估了在非生产性因素影响的情况下,高考对进入高收入行业的作用。研究发现,在逐步纳入各类非生产性影响因素后,高考仍是个体进入高收入行业的敲门砖。当将样本分为内地和沿海两个子样本以及不同高考年代的三个子样本,并且利用父母或配偶父母教育程度和兄弟姐妹排行作为工具变量,处理了高考的内生性偏误之后,本文发现高考在市场化程度较高的沿海地区更有利于劳动者进入高收入行业,此外,高考对进入高收入行业的积极作用会随着高考年份的推进而逐渐弱化,而社会关系等非生产性因素的影响却随之强化。本文的政策内涵在于,要打破劳动力市场的障碍,必须消除社会关系等非生产性因素对劳动力市场的干扰,让高考在劳动力市场上充分发挥人力资源配置的作用。
Non-productive factors distort the labor market, resulting in inequality in the sector. Based on this, after using the data of Chinese household income distribution survey in 2007 and controlling the characteristics of labor productivity such as individual’s gender, age and marital status, this paper evaluates the impact of non-productive factors on the entrance into high-income industries Role. The study found that, after gradual inclusion of various non-productive factors, college entrance examination is still the stepping stone to enter high-income industries. When the sample is divided into two subsamples of the mainland and the coast and three subsamples of different college entrance examinations, and the use of parental or spouse parental education and sibling rank as a tool variable to deal with endogenous errors in college entrance examination, the paper found that college entrance examination in In the more marketized coastal areas, workers are more likely to enter the high-income industries. In addition, the positive effect of the college entrance examination on entering the high-income industries will be weakened gradually as the year of college entrance examination progresses, and the impact of non-productive factors such as social relations But then strengthen. The connotation of this article is that to break the barriers in the labor market, we must eliminate the interference of non-productive factors such as social relations on the labor market and let the college entrance examination give full play to the role of human resources in the labor market.