尿道上裂是尿道和膀胱颈部的一种先天性畸型。据统计大约每三万个新生儿中有一例。女性尿道上裂更为罕见。Welch收集的184例尿道上裂病人中,男性134例(72%),女性50例(28%)。Duckett报告男女比例为5∶1。国内郭乃勉等在30年中只收住二例女性尿道上裂,张凤翔等曾报告4例,何家扬等报告1例。 Patten等认为说明上裂是由于胚胎11mm时原板的位置异常所造成的。Marshall则认为是穴肛膜插在中胚叶结构之间,以致妨碍了它们的融合。女性尿道上裂的临床表现是:尿失禁:90%的患者因括约肌受累而有尿失禁。尿失禁的程度取决于膀胱容量。有的为完全性尿失禁,有的则为不完全性。卧位时可无尿失禁,但站立时因膀胱颈部位置降低,使尿道变短,即可产生尿失禁。(2)外生殖器畸型:最轻者仅为阴蒂对裂,而尿道正常。中度者除阴蒂对裂外,尿道背部也裂开,向上达膀胱括约肌水平,但括约肌仍正常。重型者累及膀胱括约肌。膀胱 Urethral fissure is a congenital malformation of the urethra and bladder neck. According to statistics, there are about one in every 30,000 newborns. Female urethral cleft is more rare. Of the 184 cases of spleensis collected by Welch, 134 were male (72%) and 50 were female (28%). Duckett reports a 5: 1 male-female ratio. Guo Nai Mian and other domestic only in 30 years to accept two cases of female urethral fissure, Zhang Fengxiang had reported 4 cases, He Jiayang and other reports in 1 case. Patten and other think that the cleavage is due to the embryo 11mm original plate position caused by abnormal. Marshall believes that the hole in the anal membrane between the mesodermal structures, so as to prevent their fusion. The clinical manifestations of female hypospadias are: Urinary incontinence: 90% of patients have urinary incontinence due to involvement of the sphincter. The degree of urinary incontinence depends on bladder capacity. Some are complete urinary incontinence, while others are incomplete. No urinary incontinence can be supine, but when standing due to lower bladder neck position, the urethra shorter, you can produce incontinence. (2) genital malformations: the youngest only clitoral cleft, urethral normal. Moderate addition to the clitoris on the cleft, the urethra back also split up to the level of the bladder sphincter, but the sphincter is still normal. Heavy people involve the bladder sphincter. bladder