细胞遗传学效应与诱突变和致癌作用有密切关系,因此毒理学研究中常以细胞遗传学效应来推论毒物的诱突变和致癌作用。目前较为常用的观察方法有染色体畸变,姐妹染色单体交换频率和微核试验。本文主要介绍有关微核试验方法学的动态。一、微核试验的历史回顾与机理微核试验由来较早。1959年前就有人用此试验研究辐射诱发植物染色体损害。血液学中的Howell-Jolly小体,实际上就是目前所称的微核。七十年代初,Schmid等发表了将微核试验用于药物研究后,此方法才受到重视和 Cytogenetic effects and induced mutation and carcinogenesis are closely related, so toxicology often cytogenetic effect to infer the mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of poison. At present, the more commonly used methods of observation are chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchange frequency and micronucleus test. This article focuses on the dynamics of micronucleus test methodology. First, the history of micronucleus test review and mechanism Micronucleus test earlier. Some people used this experiment before 1959 to study radiation-induced plant chromosomal damage. The Howell-Jolly bodies in hematology are in fact the so-called micronuclei. In the early 1970s, Schmid et al. Published this article noting that the use of micronucleus test in drug research