本文总结苏联、日本及美国关于砖石建筑抗地震问题的主要文献,并对我国地震区砖石房屋的设计和今后研究方向提供一些意见。 根据地震灾害的调查,钢结构建筑耐震性强,虽然设计时仅考虑较小的风力而并未考虑地震力,这种建筑物也从来没有发生过倒塌,或遭到严重的破坏。钢筋混凝土结构和木结构也还是相当耐震的,唯独砖石结构抗震最差。在过去几次有名的大地震里,砖石建筑曾经遭受非常严重的破坏。砖石是我国民用建筑的主要材料,全国各地均有生产。砖石建筑的优点是能就地取材,价格低廉,耐火耐久;缺点是抗震性较差,其原因是自重很大。抗拉抗剪强度很小,以及施工条件复杂,难以获得均匀的质量。 但是如果改正上述的缺点,选择合理的建筑设计,及采用有效的抗震措施,那么专石房屋还是相当耐震的。 本文首先说明砖石建筑遭受地震的破坏情况,总结在过去的地震里获得的抗震经验;其次为了提高砖石建筑的抗震性能,提出了增加砖砌体强度(剪力、拉力)的研究方向;最后对于砖石房屋的设计和抗震措施进行了讨论。 This article summarizes the main documents of the Soviet Union, Japan, and the United States on the earthquake-resistant problems of masonry buildings, and provides some suggestions on the design of masonry houses in the earthquake zone in China and future research directions. According to the investigation of earthquake disasters, steel structures are strong in earthquake resistance. Although only a small amount of wind force was considered in designing and seismic forces were not taken into account, such buildings have never collapsed or suffered serious damage. Reinforced concrete structures and wood structures are also quite resistant to earthquakes, with the exception of masonry structures that have the worst earthquake resistance. In the past several famous earthquakes, masonry has suffered very serious damage. Masonry is the main material of our civil construction, and it is produced all over the country. The advantage of masonry construction is that it can be locally sourced, low in price, and durable in fire; the disadvantage is that the earthquake resistance is poor, and the reason is that the weight is very large. The tensile shear strength is small, and the construction conditions are complex, and it is difficult to obtain uniform quality. However, if the above shortcomings are corrected, reasonable building designs are selected, and effective anti-seismic measures are adopted, then the special stone houses are still quite resistant to earthquakes. This paper first describes the damage of masonry buildings subjected to earthquakes, summarizes the seismic experience gained in past earthquakes, and then proposes the direction of increasing the strength of masonry (shearing force, tensile force) in order to improve the seismic performance of masonry buildings; Finally, the design of masonry houses and their anti-seismic measures were discussed.