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目的 了解永济市中小学生对结核病防治知识的知晓情况,为更好的开展学校结核病健康教育提供参考依据.方法 2017年11月采用随机整群抽样,在全市16所中小学校抽取52个班级的1 762名学生作为调查对象,使用统一的结核病防治知识调查问卷进行调查,共取得有效问卷1 679份.用SPSS 21. 0软件统计1 679名学生对结核病相关防治知识的知晓状况进行分析.结果 在有效的1 679份问卷中学生对结核病防治知识的总知晓率是56. 70％.对结核病性质的知晓情况中,认为是经呼吸道传染的慢性传染性疾病、认为属于遗传性疾病、认为不是由飞沫传播的疾病、不知晓结核病性质所占百分比分别是52.95％、20.01％、9.95％、17.09％(P＜0.01).怀疑存在结核病时,认为应到结核病定点医疗机构进行检查和确诊、认为应增强营养摄入及在家多注意休息、认为应到药店购药治疗、不知晓怎么办所占百分比分别是60. 04％、6. 08％、23. 47％、10. 42％(P ＜0. 01);确诊存在结核病时,认为国家免费规律治疗6～8个月可以治好、认为需要长时间用药且很难治愈、认为相关症状消除之后可以停止用药、不知晓怎么治疗所占百分比分别是 57. 12％、10. 36％ 、22. 04％ 、10. 48％(P ＜0. 01).结论 永济市中小学生对结核病防治知识的知晓率较低.“,”Objective To understand the awareness on the knowledge of tuberculosis prevention and treatment among primary and high school students in Yongji city, so as to provide the reference basis for better carrying out health education. On tuberculosis at school. Methods By random cluster sampling in November 2017, 1 762 students were selected from 52 classes in 16 primary and high schools as the research objects, the unified TB knowledge questionnaire survey was conducted, SPSS 21. 0 statistical software was used for statistics among 1 679 students on their awareness of tuberculosis prevention and treatment knowledge. Results Of 1 762 surveyed, a total of 1 679 valid questionnaires were returned, the effective rate was 95. 29％. The total rate of awareness on tuberculosis (TB) prevention and treatment knowledge was 56. 70％. In awareness on tuberculosis (TB) properties, those who considered the respiratory infection of chronic infectious disease, those who considered a genetic disease, those who considered not a diseases spread by droplets, and those who didn't know the nature of tuberculosis (TB) was 52. 95％, 20. 01％, 9. 95％ and 20. 01％ respectively) P ＜0. 01). in suspected TB, those who thought that TB check and diagnosis should be made at the designated TB medical institutions, those who thought nutrition intake should be strengthened and more attention be paid to rest at home, those who thought medicine should be bought at the pharmacy for treatment, and those who didn't know what to do was 60. 04％, 6. 08％, 23. 47％ and 6. 08％ respectively(P ＜0. 01);In diagnosed tuberculosis, those who thought the state's free regular treatment can cure it in 6-8 months, those who thought it needed a longer medication and it was difficult to cure, those who thought medication could be discontinued after eliminating related symptoms, and those who didn't know how to treat was 57. 12％, 10. 36％, 22. 04％ and 10. 36％ respectively(P ＜0.01). Conclusion The awareness of TB prevention and treatment knowledge is low among primary and high school students in Yongji city.